The "Triumphus humanae stultitiae vel Tylus Saxo" (1558), the first poem in Latin of the Eulenspiegel stories, is made available here for the first time in a modern edition with commentary, translation, and systematic interpretation. The poem is of decisive importance for the reception history of the Eulenspiegel figure and for the development and diffusion of early modern folk literature. It bears witness to the survival of antiquity in the age of humanism and is strongly indebted to Erasmus' "Praise of Folly". The poem deserves additional attention for the influence it had on later Eulenspiegel literature.