Beautifully and lavishly illustrated, Atlas of Nerve Conduction Studies and Electromyography demystifies the major conditions affecting peripheral nerves and provides electrodiagnostic strategies for confirming suspected lesions of the peripheral nervous system. Building on the success of the landmark Atlas of Electromyography, this new text is divided into sections based on the major peripheral nerves. It contains detailed illustrations of each nerve along with a discussion of its anatomy, followed by a thorough outline of the clinical conditions and entrapment syndromes that affect the nerve, including a list of the etiologies, clinical features, and electrodiagnostic strategies used for each syndrome. Routine and special motor and sensory nerve conduction studies are shown in an anatomical illustration. In addition, each muscle supplied by the peripheral nerve is illustrated showing the root, plexus, and peripheral nerve supply to the muscle and is accompanied by a corresponding human photograph. Written text provides information about the nerve conduction studies, muscle origin, tendon insertion, voluntary activation maneuver, and the site of optimum needle insertion, which is identified in the figures by a black dot or a needle electrode. Atlas of Nerve Conduction Studies and Electromyography is the perfect anatomical guide for neurologists, specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation, and electrodiagnostic medicine consultants, while also providing support for individuals in residency training programs, critical care medicine, neurological surgery, and family practice.

A. ARTURO LEIS, M.D., Clinical Professor of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center; Electrodiagnostic Consultant, Mississippi Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, Mississippi MICHAEL P. SCHENK , MS, CMI, FAMI, Director, Department of Biomedical Illustration Services, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

1. Overview of Nerve Conduction Studies How the peripheral nervous system conveys information Stimulating and Recording Electrodes Electrode Amplifiers and Ground Electrode Reducing Artifacts and Interference Electrical Safety Temperature Effect Effect of Aging Motor Nerve Conduction Measurements of the compound muscle action potential Calculating conduction velocity Sensory Nerve Conduction Measurements of the sensory nerve action potential Role of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in localizing lesions Late Responses: F-wave and H-reflex Types of Nerve Injury Neurapraxia Features of demyelination Axonal loss injury Features of axonal loss Wallerian degeneration Ion channel disorders (channelopathies) Features of channelopathies Due to toxins, Due to autoimmune conditions, Due to genetic mutations 2. Overview of Electromyography The motor unit Innervation ratio Muscle selection for needle EMG The needle EMG examination Insertional activity Spontaneous activity Fibrillation potentials Positive sharp waves Numeric grading scale to semi-quantify fibrillation potentials Fasciculation potentials Complex repetitive discharges Myotonic discharges Myokymic discharges Neuromyotonic discharges Isaac's syndrome and peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH) syndrome Cramp discharges End-plate activity Motor unit potentials (MUPs) MUP parameters Rise time Duration Amplitude Phases and turns Firing pattern and recruitment Henneman's Size Principle In neurogenic disorders In myopathic disorders Complications related to needle electromyography 3. Brachial Plexus Upper trunk lesion Middle trunk lesion Lower trunk lesion 4. Median Nerve Carpal tunnel syndrome Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome Pronator teres syndrome Ligament of Struther's syndrome Nerve conduction studies Motor Short segment ("inching technique") F-wave Martin-Gruber anastomosis Sensory Comparative studies for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome Digital branch injury Needle electromyography Abductor Pollicis Brevis Opponens Pollicis Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Superficial Head First and Second Lumbricals Pronator Quadratus Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Digits 2 and 3 Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (sublimis) Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Pronator Teres 5. Ulnar Nerve Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (retrocondylar groove) Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (cubital tunnel syndrome) Ulnar neuropathy at the wrist (Guyon's canal) Nerve conduction studies Motor Short segment ("inching technique") F-wave Martin-Gruber anastomosis Riches-Cannieu anastomosis ("all ulnar hand") Sensory Needle electromyography Adductor Pollicis Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Deep Head First Dorsal Interosseous Second, Third, and Fourth Dorsal Interossei Palmar Interossei Third and Fourth Lumbricals Abductor Digiti Minimi Opponens Digiti Minimi Flexor Digiti Minimi Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Digits 4 and 5 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 6. Radial Nerve Radial nerve lesion in the arm Radial nerve lesion in the axilla Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome Superficial radial nerve lesion Nerve conduction studies Motor Sensory Anomalous innervation to ulnar dorsum of hand Needle electromyography Extensor Indicis Proprius Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Digitorum Communis and Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis, Longus and Brevis Brachioradialis Anconeus Triceps, Lateral Head Triceps, Long Head Triceps, Medial Head 7. Axillary Nerve Axillary nerve lesion Motor nerve conduction study Needle electromyography Deltoid, Anterior Fibers Deltoid, Middle Fibers Deltoid, Posterior Fibers Teres Minor 8. Musculocutaneous Nerve Musculocutaneous nerve lesion Nerve conduction studies Motor Sensory (lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm) Needle electromyography Brachialis Biceps Brachii Coracobrachialis 9. Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm Lesion of the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm Sensory nerve conduction study 10. Suprascapular Nerve Suprascapular nerve lesion Motor nerve conduction study Needle electromyography Infraspinatus Supraspinatus 11. Dorsal Scapular Nerve Dorsal scapular nerve lesion Needle electromyography Rhomboideus Major and Minor Levator Scapulae 12. Long Thoracic Nerve Long thoracic nerv…