Anil K. Mandai, M.D., is one of the trailblazers in the use of the transmission electron microscope in the study of the urinary sediment. In this book, he reviews his extensive efforts to tie his vast clinical expe­ rience to his elegant basic research with the electron microscope. The pictures are comprehensive, and the clinical correlates are nicely outlined in tables and text. It may astonish some readers that a book for fellows and clinical nephrol­ ogists has been written on the use of the transmission electron microscope in the study of urine. Some may view this as a sophisticated research instrument. I, however, applaud the effort. So many discoveries and advances in basic science lie unutilized because clinicians are not aware of the tools available or have little instruction in their use. Maybe that is the reason why so many tests have come and gone, have been found useless and dropped, or have simply been abandoned after being judged too complicated-some because they were, others because they were never applied and interpreted properly. The whole field of research seems to be pulling ahead and away from clinical medicine. Therefore, an effort like this one, which rapidly and clearly tries to introduce an advanced research examination technique into clinical medicine, is worthy of admiration and sup­ port.

1 The Microscopy of Urine.- Collection of Samples.- Preparation for Centrifugation.- Fixation, Staining, and Microscopy.- Fixation.- Staining.- Transmission Electron Microscopy.- Scanning Electron Microscopy.- References.- 2 Proteinuria and Cylindriuria.- Proteinuria.- Measurement of Urinary Proteins.- Qualitative (Semiquantitative) Measurements.- Proteinuria: Quantitative Analysis.- Functional Proteinuria.- Orthostatic Proteinuria.- Persistent Proteinuria.- Glomerular Proteinuria.- Tubular Proteinuria.- Light Chain Proteinuria.- Formation and Excretion of Urinary Casts (Cylindriuria).- The Clinical Significance of Cylindriuria.- Diagnosis.- Pathogenesis.- Prognosis and Management.- References.- 3 Acute Renal Failure.- Clinical Syndrome.- Urinary Sediment Studies.- Renal Histopathology.- Urinary Sediment TEM Analysis and Clinical Course.- Diagnosis of Acute Renal Failure.- Management of Acute Renal Failure.- References.- 4 Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity.- Urinary Myeloid Bodies and Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity.- Clinical Studies.- TEM Analysis.- Urinary Sediment TEM Analysis in Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity.- Pathogenesis.- Diagnosis.- Management.- References.- 5 Bacteriuria and Pyuria.- Significant Bacteriuria.- Diagnosis and Bacteriology.- Epidemiology of Bacteriuria.- Natural History of Bacteriuria.- Detection of Bacteriuria.- Management of Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections.- Case Summary.- References.- 6 Renal Transplant Rejection.- Rejection of Allograft.- Hyperacute Rejection.- Acute Rejection.- Chronic Rejection.- Diagnosis of Rejection.- References.- 7 Hepatorenal Syndrome.- Pathogenesis.- Management.- References.- 8 Neoplasms and the Kidney.- Features of These Cases.- The Relationship of Urinary Lysosome to Hypokalemia.- The Relationship of Urinary Lysosome to Lysozymuria.- The Relationship of Urinary Lysosome to Renal Failure.- Urinary Sediment TEM in Patients with Malignancy.- References.- 9 Glomerular Disease.- General Comments.- References.- 10 Acute and Chronic Interstitial Nephritis.- Hypersensitivity Acute Interstitial Nephritis.- Historical Background.- Diagnosis of Eosinophiluria in Acute Interstitial Nephritis.- Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Acute Interstitial Nephritis.- Management of Acute Interstitial Nephritis.- Chronic Interstitial Nephritis.- Management.- References.