This timely book offers a mixture of theory, experiments, and simulations that provides qualitative and quantitative insights in the field of sensor and actuator networking. The chapters are selected in a way that makes the book comprehensive and self-contained. It covers a wide range of recognized problems in sensor networks, striking a balance between theoretical and practical coverage. The book is appropriate for graduate students and practitioners working as engineers, programmers, and technologists.

AMIYA NAYAK is a Professor at University of Ottawa in the School of Information Technology and Engineering (SITE). His research interests include fault-tolerant computing, distributed systems, and ad hoc and sensor networks. Nayak is the recipient of several collaborative research grants with industry and strategic grants from NSERC. He edited Handbook of Applied Algorithms (Wiley).

IVAN STOJMENOVIC is currently editor in chief of four journals (including IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems). He has h-index 35 and over 5,000 citations. Stojmenovic was the recipient of the Royal Society Research Merit Award, UK, and the Excellence in Research Award of the University of Ottawa 2008–09. He has chaired and/or organized more than fifty workshops and conferences. He became an IEEE Fellow in 2008.

Klappentext

A MIXTURE OF THEORY, EXPERIMENTS, AND SIMULATIONS THAT PROVIDE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE INSIGHTS INTO THE TECHNOLOGY

The important new technology of wireless sensor and actuator networks provides radically new communication and networking paradigms with many??new applications. Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks is a timely text that presents a fault-tolerant, reliable, low-latency, and energy-aware framework for wireless sensor and actuator networks, enabling readers to fulfill the ultimate goals of the applications—such as protecting critical infrastructures, achieving timely emergency responses, and monitoring the environment. Taking a problem-oriented approach, this resource discusses a wide range of computing and communication problems and solutions that arise in rapidly emerging wireless sensor and actuator networks, striking a balance between theory and practice.

• Discusses backbones as subsets of sensors or actuators that suffice for performing basic data communication operations or area sensing coverage
• Surveys existing data communication schemes (broadcasting, routing, multicasting, anycasting, geocasting) for sensor-actuator coordination
• Reviews the location service techniques
• Addresses the problem of energy-efficient data gathering by mobile sinks/actuators
• Describes protocols for coordination and topology control in sensor, actuator, and robot networks
• Reviews existing solutions to the sensor placement problem in wireless sensor and actuator networks

This book is unique in that it addresses sensor and actuator networking in a comprehensive manner—covering all the aspects and providing up-to-date information—so that industry operators and academics from various areas can learn more about current networking trends, become aware of the possible architectures, and understand the advantages and limits in future commercial, social, and educational applications. Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks is appropriate for graduate students in computer science, electrical engineering, and telecommunications, as well as practitioners working as engineers, programmers, and technologists.

Inhalt

Preface ix

Contributors xv

1. Applications, Models, Problems, and Solution Strategies 1
Hai Liu, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic

1.1. Wireless Sensors 1

1.2. Single-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks 2

1.3. Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks 3

1.4. Event-Driven, Periodic, and On-Demand Reporting 4

1.5. Unit Disk Graph Modeling, Hop Count Metric, and Probabilistic Reception 7

1.6. Adjustable Transmission Range and Power Metric 9

1.7. Cost Metrics 10

1.8. Sleep and Active State Modeling 11

1.9. Architectures for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks 12

1.10. Simple Models and Application of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks 15

1.11. Generating Connected Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks 17

1.12. Generating Mobile Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks 19

1.13. Problems at Physical, MAC, and Transport Layers 19

1.14. Problems at the Network Layer 22

1.15. Localized Protocols as the Solution Framework 25

1.16. Implementation of Sensor Motes 27

1.17. Experiments On Test Beds 28

1.18. Experiences with the Development of Sensor Network Systems 29

References 30

2. Energy-Efficient Backbones and Broadcasting in Sensor and Actuator Networks 33
Hai Liu, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic

2.1. Backbones 33

2.2. Grid Partitioning-Based Backbones 35

2.3. Clustering-Based Backbones 36

2.4. Connected Dominating Sets as Backbones 38

2.5. Overview of Broadcasting Techniques 48

2.6. Physical Layer-Based Flooding, Neighbor Detection and Route Discovery 58

2.7. Parameterless Broadcasting for Delay Tolerant-Networks 59

2.8. Backbones and Broadcasting in SensorActuator Networks 61

2.9. RNG and LMST 64

2.10. Minimal Energy Broadcasting 66

References 70

3. Sensor Area Coverage 75
Hai Liu, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic

3.1. Problems, Models, and Assumptions 75

3.2. Coverage and Connectivity Criteria 78

3.3. Area-Dominating Set Based Sensor Area Coverage Algorithm 81

3.4. Asynchronous Sensor Area Coverage 83

3.5. Synchronous Sensor Area Coverage 85

3.6. Multicoverage by Sensors 88

3.7. Physical Layer-Based Sensing, Protocols, and Case Studies 89

3.8. Operation Range Assignment in WSANs 90

References 91

4. Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks 95
Hai Liu, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic

4.1. Flooding-Based Routing and Georouting in Sensor Networks 96

4.2. Greedy, Projection, and Direction-Based Routing 97

4.3. Applications of Cost to Progress Ratio Framework to Georouting 100

4.4. Memorization-Based Georouting with Guaranteed Delivery 103

4.5. Guaranteed Delivery without Memorization 105

4.6. Beaconless Georouting 114

4.7. Georouting with Virtual and Tree Coordinates 117

4.8. Georouting in Sensor and Actuator Networks 118

4.9. Link Quality Metric in Sensor and Actuator Networks 119

4.10. Physical Layer Aspects and Case Studies of Georouting 120

References 122

5. Multicasting, Geocasting, and Anycasting in Sensor and Actuator Networks 127
Arnaud Casteigts, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic

5.1. Multicasting 127

5.2. Geocasting with Guaranteed Delivery 134

5.3. Rate-Based Multicasting 143

5.4. Anycasting with Guaranteed Delivery 147

References 150

6. Sink Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks 153
Xu Li, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic

6.1. Introduction 153

6.2. Energy Hole Problem 155

6.3. Energy Efficiency by Sink Mobility 160

6.4. Sink Mobility in Delay-Tolerant Networks 162

6.5. Sink Mobility in Real-Time Networks 172

References 181<...