A methodologically sophisticated, comprehensive approach to
applying the Agile fixed-price contract to IT projects while
maximizing customer and supplier relationships

"Interesting and necessary for IT managers and IT
lawyers."

--Walter J. Jaburek, Dipl.-Ing., Dr. iur., Dr. techn.

Approximately 50 percent of software developers use Scrum, an
iterative and incremental development method for managing software
projects and product or application development, in their work. The
benefit of Scrum and other Agile methods is that they can address
shifts in a large project that traditional managerial methods
cannot.

Written by pioneers and leaders in the field of Agile and Scrum,
Agile Contracts is the only book dedicated exclusively to
the legal, procurement, and project management considerations of
Agile contracts. Providing templates, a toolbox, and examples of
Agile fixed-price contracts, the book presents an alternative
option to fixed-price, time-based, and supply-based
contracts--reducing the risk for both the supplier and the
customer with a contract that offers the possibility of flux and
flexible scenarios as a project progresses.

Agile Contracts features in-depth chapter coverage
of:

* The Agile Manifesto of 2001

* Agility from the perspective of procurement and the software
provider

* The problems with traditional fixed-price contracts and time
material contracts

* What the Agile fixed-price contract is and how it is set
up

* Tendering based on the Agile fixed-price contract

* How to negotiate an Agile fixed-price contract

* Special guidelines for the legal framework of an Agile
fixed-price contract

* Adaptable Scope System

* The Black Swan scenario

* Contracts and procedures for the featured methodologies

Especially applicable within highly structured business
organizations, Agile Contracts is a must-read for project
managers, agile practitioners, procurement representatives, and IT
lawyers.

Andreas Opelt is Vice President for Sales, Product
Marketing, and Partner Management at Infonova.

Boris Gloger is ranked worldwide among the pioneers of
Scrum. He continues to develop practices and set training standards
internationally.

Wolfgang Pfarl is a trained lawyer and is responsible for
the IT procurement at the Austrian Post.

Ralf Mittermayr is a partner at BearingPoint and focuses
on conceptual design and delivery of complex software solutions to
the banking, telecommunications, and supply industries.

A methodologically sophisticated, comprehensive approach to applying the Agile fixed-price contract to IT projects while maximizing customer and supplier relationships

"Interesting and necessary for IT managers and IT lawyers."
—Walter J. Jaburek, Dipl.-Ing., Dr. iur., Dr. techn.

Approximately 50 percent of software developers use Scrum, an iterative and incremental development method for managing software projects and product or application development, in their work. The benefit of Scrum and other Agile methods is that they can address shifts in a large project that traditional managerial methods cannot.

Written by pioneers and leaders in the field of Agile and Scrum, Agile Contracts is the only book dedicated exclusively to the legal, procurement, and project management considerations of Agile contracts. Providing templates, a toolbox, and examples of Agile fixed-price contracts, the book presents an alternative option to fixed-price, time-based, and supply-based contracts—reducing the risk for both the supplier and the customer with a contract that offers the possibility of flux and flexible scenarios as a project progresses.

Agile Contracts features in-depth chapter coverage of:

• The Agile Manifesto of 2001
• Agility from the perspective of procurement and the software provider
• The problems with traditional fixed-price contracts and time material contracts
• What the Agile fixed-price contract is and how it is set up
• Tendering based on the Agile fixed-price contract
• How to negotiate an Agile fixed-price contract
• Special guidelines for the legal framework of an Agile fixed-price contract
• Adaptable Scope System
• The Black Swan scenario
• Contracts and procedures for the featured methodologies

Especially applicable within highly structured business organizations, Agile Contracts is a must-read for project managers, agile practitioners, procurement representatives, and IT lawyers.

Preface ix

Acknowledgments xiii

1. Agility: What Is That? 1

1.1 The Agile Manifesto of 2001 6

1.2 Agile Development Based on Scrum 11

1.2.1 The Principles of Organization 14

1.2.2 The Process Model 14

1.2.3 Estimation in Scrum 19

1.3 Agility from the Perspective of Procurement 23

1.4 Agility from the Perspective of the Software Provider 25

1.5 The 12 Principles of Agile Software Development 26

1.6 Summary 32

2. The Missing Piece of the Puzzle 33

2.1 The Problems with Traditional Fixed-Price Contracts 37

2.2 The Problems with Time and Materials Contracts 43

2.3 Something New: The Agile Fixed-Price Contract 44

2.4 Summary 45

3. What Is an Agile Fixed-Price Contract? 47

3.1 Existing Approaches 48

3.2 The Agile Fixed-Price Contract 49

3.2.1 How Is an Agile Fixed-Price Contract Set Up? 50

3.3 Summary 71

4. Sample of an Agile Fixed-Price Contract 73

Preamble 74

§1 Definitions and Clarifications of Terms 75

§2 Contract Scope and Hierarchy of Documents 78

§3 Usage Rights 79

§4 Transparency and Open Books 79

§5 Acceptance 80

§6 Obligation of Both Parties to Co-Operate 81

§7 Client's Obligations 84

§8 Escalation to the Steering Board and the Independent Experts 84

§9 Project Period 85

§10 Warranty, Compensation, and Indemnifi cation 86

§11 Limitation of Liability 86

§12 Contractor's Compensation 87

§13 Force Majeure 87

§14 Secrecy 87

§15 Severability Clause 88

§16 Place of Performance, Jurisdiction, and Applicable Law 88

Appendix A: Commercial Agreements 88

Prices 88

Commercial Approach to the Project 90

Payment Milestones 92

Appendix B: Technical Scope and Process 92

Requirements: Backlog and Vision 92

Process for Development and Approval 93

Changes to the Contract (Exchange for Free) 95

Deliverables and Services 97

Mechanism to Calculate Costs of Future User Stories 98

Appendix C: 12 Principles of Cooperation 101

Appendix D: Quality StandardsDefinition of Done 107

5. Tendering Based on an Agile Fixed-Price Contract 109

5.1 Appropriate Tender Content for an Agile Fixed-Price Contract 112

5.2 Requirements for Tendering and Selection 116

5.2.1 Competition 116

5.2.2 Comparability and Transparency 119

5.3 Tendering Steps with a Focus on Agile Fixed Price 122

5.3.1 Internal Goal Setting and Coordination 123

5.3.2 Preparation for the Invitation to Tender 124

5.3.3 Tender 126

5.3.4 Awarding of the Tender 130

5.3.5 Price Optimization Options 132

5.3.6 Project and Contract Management 134

5.3.7 Effort Inherent in the Tendering Process 134

5.4 Summary 134

6. Special Requirements for the Legal Framework of an Agile Fixed-Price Contract 137

6.1 Adaptable System for Scope 139

6.2 W…