In this groundbreaking book, sociologist Andrew Perrin shows that rules and institutions, while important, are not the core of democracy. Instead, as Alexis de Tocqueville showed in the early years of the American republic, democracy is first and foremost a matter of culture: the shared ideas, practices, and technologies that help individuals combine into publics and achieve representation. Reinterpreting democracy as culture reveals the ways the media, public opinion polling, and changing technologies shape democracy and citizenship. As Perrin shows, the founders of the United States produced a social, cultural, and legal environment fertile for democratic development and in the two centuries since, citizens and publics use that environment and shared culture to re-imagine and extend that democracy. American Democracy provides a fresh, innovative approach to democracy that will change the way readers understand their roles as citizens and participants. Never will you enter a voting booth or answer a poll again without realizing what a truly social act it is. This will be necessary reading for scholars, students, and the public seeking to understand the challenges and opportunities for democratic citizenship from Toqueville to town halls to Twitter.

Andrew J. Perrin is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Acknowledgments viii

Introduction 1

1 History and Theory of Democracy 12

2 Voting, Civil Society, and Citizenship 48

3 Deliberation, Representation, and Legislation 81

4 Public Opinion, Policy Responsiveness, and Feedback 114

5 Media, Communications, and Political Knowledge 140

6 Democratic Culture and Practice in Postmodern

America 163

Notes 188

References 191

Index 219