The book examines the possibility of integrating different membrane unit operations (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and gas separation) in the same industrial cycle or in combination with conventional separation systems. It gives careful analysis of the technical aspects, and the possible fields of industrial development.
The book reviews many original solutions in water desalination, agro-food productions and wastewater treatments, highlighting the advantages achievable in terms of product quality, compactness, rationalization and optimization of productive cycles, reduction of environmental impact and energy saving. Also included are examples of membrane reactors and their integration with a fuel cell; polymeric membranes in the integrated gasification combined cycle power plants; integrating a membrane reformer into a solar system; and potential application of membrane integrated systems in the fusion reactor fuel cycle.
With detailed analysis and broad coverage, the book is divided into two sections: Bio-applications and Inorganic Applications.
Autorentext
Angelo Basile is a senior researcher at the Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). His research is focussed onultra-pure hydrogen production and CO2 capture using inorganic membrane reactors as well as on the polymeric membranes (preparation and characterization) to be used for gas separation. Angelo has published more than 100 papers in the field of membrane technology, has written over 50 book chapters and edited or co-edited 8 books. He is also Associate Editor for the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy for Elsevier.
Catherine Charcosset is Research Director at the Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés, part of the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), based at the University of Lyon, France. Her research includes work on the characterization of membranes by confocal microscopy, ultrafiltration and microfiltration, membrane chromatography, preparation of emulsions and particles, and membrane crystallization for biotechnological, pharmaceutical and environmental applications. Catherine has published extensively in these fields especially filtration and membrane chromatography, both as articles and book chapters.
Inhalt
List of Contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis in Integrated Membrane Processes 1
Catherine Charcosset
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Membrane Processes 2
1.2.1 Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration and Nanofiltration 2
1.2.2 Reverse Osmosis 3
1.2.3 Membrane Distillation 3
1.2.4 Electrodialysis 4
1.2.5 Membrane Bioreactors 5
1.3 Combination of Various Membrane Processes 6
1.3.1 Pressure-Driven Separation Processes 6
1.3.2 Membrane Distillation and Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes 12
1.3.3 Electrodialysis and Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes 13
1.3.4 Membrane Bioreactors and Pressure-Driven Separation Processes 14
1.3.5 Other Processes and Pressure-Driven Separation Processes 15
1.4 Conclusion 17
List of Abbreviations 18
References 18
2 Bioseparations Using Integrated Membrane Processes 23
Raja Ghosh
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Integrated Bioseparation Processes Involving Microfiltration 24
2.3 Integrated Bioseparation Processes Involving Ultrafiltration 28
2.4 Conclusion 31
References 32
3 Integrated Membrane Processes in the Food Industry 35
Alfredo Cassano
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Fruit Juice Processing 36
3.2.1 Fruit Juice Clarification 36
3.2.2 Fruit Juice Concentration 38
3.2.3 Integrated Systems in Fruit Juice Processing 40
3.3 Milk and Whey Processing 48
3.3.1 Integrated Systems in Milk Processing 48
3.3.2 Integrated Systems in Cheesemaking 51
3.3.3 Integrated Systems in Whey Processing 52
3.4 Conclusions 54
List of Abbreviations 54
References 55
4 Continuous Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass via Integrated Membrane Processes 61
Mohammadmahdi Malmali and S. Ranil Wickramasinghe
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Continuous Enzymatic Hydrolysis 63
4.3 Integrated Submerged Membrane System 65
4.4 Sugar Concentration 66
4.5 Sugar Concentration and Hydrolysate Detoxification by Nanofiltration 68
4.6 Statistical Design of Experiments 69
4.7 Analysis of Variance using Response Surface Methodology 69
4.8 Future Challenges 74
4.9 Conclusion 75
Acknowledgements 75
List of Abbreviations 75
List of Symbols 75
References 76
5 Integrated Membrane Processes for the Preparation of Emulsions, Particles and Bubbles 79
Goran T. Vladisavljevi c
5.1 Introduction 79
5.1.1 Membrane Dispersion Processes 80
5.1.2 Membrane Treatment of Dispersions 81
5.1.3 Comparison of Membrane and Microfluidic Drop Generation Processes 82
5.1.4 Comparison of Membrane and Conventional Homogenisation Processes 83
5.2 Membranes for Preparation of Emulsions and Particles 84
5.2.1 SPG Membrane 84
5.2.2 Microengineered Membranes 90
5.3 Production of Emulsions Using SPG Membrane 92
5.4 Production of Emulsions Using Microengineered Membranes 96
5.5 Factors Affecting Droplet Size in DME 98
5.5.1 Effect of Transmembrane Pressure and Flux 99
5.5.2 Influence of Pore (Channel) Size and Shear Stress on the Membrane Surface 101
5.5.3 Influence of Surfactant 101
5.6 Factors Affecting Droplet Size in PME 103
5.7 Integration of ME with Solid/Semi-Solid Particle Fabrication 104
5.7.1 Integration of ME and Crosslinking of Gel-forming Polymers 104
5.7.2 Integration of ME and Melt Solidification 114
5.7.3 Integration of ME and Polymerisation 115
5.7.4 Integration of ME and Solvent Evaporation/Extraction 118
5.8 Integration of Membrane Permeation and Gas Dispersion 120
5.9 Integration of Membrane Micromixing and Nanoprecipitation 121
5.10 Conclusions 123
List of Acronyms 123
Symbols 124
Subscripts 126
References 126
6 Nanofiltration in Integrated Membrane Processes 141
Bart Van der Bruggen
6.1 Introduction 141
6.2 Pretreatment for Nanofiltration 144
6.3 Nanofiltration as a Pretreatment Method 146
6.4 Processes in Series 148
6.5 Integrated Processes 150
6.6 Hybrid Processes 153
6.7 Nanofiltration Cascades 156
6.8 Conclusions 158
List of Abbreviations 159
References 159
7 Seawater, Brackish Waters, and Natural Waters Treatment with Hybrid Membrane Processes 165
Maxime Ponti e and Catherine Charcosset
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 Desalination Market 166
7.2.1 Growth of Desalination Capacity Worldwide 166
7.2.2 Desalination Technologies 167
7.3 Seawater and Brackish Waters Composition 168
7.3.1 Seawater Composition 168
7.3.2 Brackish Water versus Seawater 168
7.3.3 Product Water Specification 170
7.4 Desalination with Integrated Membrane Processes 170
7.4.1 MF/UF-RO 170
7.4.2 NF versus RO 172
7.4.3 NF-RO 174
7.5 Natural Water Treatment Using Hybrid Membrane Processes 176
7.5.1 Natural Organic Matter 178
7.5.2 Arsenic 183
7.5.3 Other Species 186
7.6 Conclusion 190
List of Acronyms 191
References 192
8 Wastewater Treatment Using Integrated Membrane Processes 197
Jinsong Zhang and Anthony G. Fane…