Technological progress in neurosurgery - preoperative investigation of the exact anatomy of the patient, detailed planning of the procedure, and use of endoscopes and videosurgery - have made approaches for intracranial microsurgical procedures smaller compared to historically standard neurosurgical approaches. Building on the previous works "Endoscopic Anatomy for Neurosurgery" and "Keyhole Concept in Neurosurgery," this book offers a systematic overview of keyhole approaches in the daily work of a neurosurgeon. The approaches, strategies, indications and technical details described here are complemented by anatomical pictures, schemes, and artists' illustrations, and analyzed with regard to geometric boundaries and the topography of the target structures.

A. Perneczky and R. Reisch, in collaboration with M. Tschabitscher, offer a detailed systematic overview of the different approaches for minimally invasive craniotomies. After a description of the historical development of the particular craniotomy, each chapter illustrates the anatomical construction of the target region and the surgical approach itself with artistic illustrations and photographs of human cadaver dissections. Concentrating on surgical practice, patient positioning, anatomical orientation, the stages of the surgical approach, potential errors with their consequences, and important tips and tricks are discussed in detail, providing instructions for everyday use.