Ethics unfolds in the austere geometrical method-definitions, axioms, propositions, scholia-deriving a monistic metaphysics where God or Nature (Deus sive Natura) is the one substance, of which thought and extension are known attributes. From this basis Spinoza deduces mind-body parallelism, strict determinism, and a naturalistic psychology of the affects, mapping a path from bondage to freedom that culminates in the intellectual love of God. Composed amid seventeenth-century rationalism and in dialogue with Descartes and scholasticism, the work fuses metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics into a single science of flourishing. Born to Portuguese-Jewish refugees in Amsterdam, Spinoza (1632-1677) was excommunicated in 1656, a rupture that enabled an independent life supported by lens-grinding within the relatively free Dutch Republic. His correspondence and early writings show a critical engagement with Cartesian method and biblical hermeneutics; the Ethics, completed late and published posthumously in 1677, distills these projects into a system intended as therapy of the passions as much as demonstration. For readers seeking an architectonic vision of nature and a lucid guide to resilient living, the Ethics is indispensable. It rewards patient study across metaphysics, moral psychology, and theology, illuminating contemporary debates on freedom, emotion, and mind-body relations with austere, hard-won clarity. Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the author's voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readable-distilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a prominent Dutch philosopher and along with René Descartes, he was a leading philosophical figure of the Dutch Golden Age. By laying the groundwork for the 18th-century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism, including modern conceptions of the self and the universe, Spinoza came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy.