How can a society prevent-not deter, not punish-but prevent crime? Criminal justice prevention, commonly called crime control, aims to prevent crime after an initial offence has been commited through anything from an arrest to a death penalty sentence. These traditional means have been frequently examined and their efficacy just as frequently questioned. Promising new forms of crime prevention have emerged and expanded as important components of an overall strategy to reduce crime. Crime prevention today has developed along three lines: interventions to improve the life chances of children and prevent them from embarking on a life of crime; programs and policies designed to ameliorate the social conditions and institutions that influence offending; and the modification or manipulation of the physical environment, products, or systems to reduce everyday opportunities for crime. Each strategy aims at preventing crime or criminal offending in the first instance - before the act has been committed. Each, importantly, takes place outside of the formal criminal justice system, representing an alternative, perhaps even socially progressive way to reduce crime. The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention is a comprehensive, up-to-date, and authoritative review of research on crime prevention. Bringing together top scholars in criminology, public policy, psychology, and sociology, this Handbook includes critical reviews of the main theories that form the basis of crime prevention, evidence-based assessments of the effectiveness of the most important interventions, and cross-cutting essays that examine implementation, evaluation methodology, and public policy. Covering the three major crime prevention strategies active today-developmental, community, and situational-this definitive volume addresses seriously and critically the ways in which the United States and the Western world have attempted, and should continue to strive for the of crime.

Brandon C. Welsh is Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Northeastern University and Senior Research Fellow at the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement. David P. Farrington is Director of Research, Emeritus Professor of Psychological Criminology, and Leverhulme Trust Emeritus Fellow at the Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University. He is a former president of the American Society of Criminology, the British Society of Criminology, and the European Association of Psychology and Law.

Preface Contributors 1. Crime Prevention and Public Policy Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington Part I: Developmental Crime Prevention 2. Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Offending Francis T. Cullen, Michael L. Benson, and Matthew D. Makarios 3. Risk and Protective Factors for Offending David P. Farrington, Rolf Loeber, and Maria M. Ttofi 4. Preventing Crime Through Intervention in the Preschool Years Holly S. Schindler and Hirokazu Yoshikawa 5. Parent Training and the Prevention of Crime Alex R. Piquero and Wesley G. Jennings 6. Child Social Skills Training in the Prevention of Antisocial Development and Crime Friedrich Losel and Doris Bender 7. Developmental Approaches in the Prevention of Female Offending Deborah Gorman-Smith and Alana M. Vivolo Part II: Community Crime Prevention 8. Community-Level Infl uences on Crime and Offending Steven F. Messner and Gregory M. Zimmerman 9. Disorder and Crime Wesley G. Skogan 10. Poverty Deconcentration and the Prevention of Crime Jens Ludwig and Julia Burdick-Will 11. Peer Influence, Mentoring, and the Prevention of Crime Christopher J. Sullivan and Darrick Jolliffe 12. Comprehensive Community Partnerships for Preventing Crime Dennis P. Rosenbaum and Amie M. Schuck 13. Community-Based Substance Use Prevention Abigail A. Fagan and J. David Hawkins 14. Schools and Prevention Denise C. Gottfredson, Philip J. Cook, and Chongmin Na Part III: Situational Crime Prevention 15. Situational Crime Prevention: Classifying Techniques Using "Good Enough" Theory Martha J. Smith and Ronald V. Clarke 16. High Crime Places, Times, and Offenders Anthony A. Braga 17. Crime Displacement and Diffusion of Benefits Shane D. Johnson, Rob T. Guerette, and Kate J. Bowers 18. Place-Based Crime Prevention: Theory, Evidence, and Policy John E. Eck and Rob T. Guerette 19. The Private Sector and Designing Products Against Crime Paul Ekblom 20. Once Bitten, Twice Shy: Repeat Victimization and Its Prevention Louise Grove and Graham Farrell Part IV : Advancing Knowledge and Building a Safer Society 21. Implementing Crime Prevention: Good Governance and a Science of Implementation Ross Homel and Peter Homel 22. The Importance of Randomized Experiments in Evaluating Crime Prevention David Weisburd and Joshua C. Hinkle 23. Preventing Future Criminal Activities of Delinquents and Offenders Doris Layton MacKenzie 24. Public Opinion and Crime Prevention: A Review of International Trends Julian V. Roberts and Ross Hastings 25. The Science and Politics of Crime Prevention: Toward a New Crime Policy Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington Index