Carl Friedrich Gauss's textbook, Disquisitiones arithmeticae, published in 1801 (Latin), remains to this day a true masterpiece of mathematical examination. .

Congruent Numbers in General.- Congruences of the First Degree.- Residues of Powers.- Congruences of the Second Degree.- Forms and Indeterminate Equations of the Second Degree.- Various Applications of the Preceding Discussions.- Equations Defining Sections of a Circle.- Additional Notes.- Tables.- Gauss' Handwritten Notes.- List of Special Symbols.- Directory of Terms.