This path-breaking book uncovers the important, under-appreciated role of armed opposition groups turned political parties in shaping long-term patterns of politics after war.

Carrie Manning is Professor in the Department of Political Science at Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. She is the author or co-author of three books and numerous articles on post-conflict politics and democratization.

Ian O. Smith is Visiting Assistant Professor of International Studies and Global Affairs at St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. His research focuses on political parties and electoral competition in hybrid regimes.

Ozlem Tuncel is a PhD candidate in the Department of Political Science at Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. Her research addresses elections, political parties, and autocratic regimes.