Anaemia in pregnancy is a common disorder, often preexistent and can be aggravated during pregnancy. By using modern diagnostic and therapeutic options, negative effects on the course of the pregnancy and the development of the child in utero can be lessened or prevented. This monography in its updated fourth edition concentrates on the most frequent causes of iron deficiency, the necessary early diagnostic features and the various possibilities of treatment. It provides a concise overview of the physiology of haemopoiesis during pregnancy and the pathophysiology of anaemia, discusses diagnostic methods, simple investigations to aid in the differential diagnosis and currently available preventative and therapeutic measures.