Regarding the Arab region, GDP per capita virtually stagnated for more than 20 years from 1980. During the same period, GDP per capita in the world's highly industrialized states further increased and the gap between the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the highly developed countries widened. However, the differences between Arab countries and the Western states exist not only economically. The countries also differ regarding their political, legal, and social systems. This work explains the differences in development on the basis of institutional economics. In addition to a general theoretical part, an empirical analysis demonstrates the effects of institutions on income, and a historical case study explains the divergent development paths of the Arab region and selected advanced economies.

Constanze Dobler was born in 1979 in Tübingen. She studied Economics at the University of Tübingen and achieved her doctorate at the Institute of Economics at the University of Hohenheim. From 2007 to 2009 she received a scholarship for graduates. Since 2010 she works as a research assistant at the Department of Economic Theory at the University of Hohenheim.

Contents: Institutional economics - Formal and informal institutions - Empirical institutional analysis - Cultural economics - Economic growth - Middle East and North Africa (MENA) - Institutional development in the MENA region - Economic development in the MENA region.