Are science and technology independent of one another? Is technology dependent upon science, and if so, how is it dependent? Is science dependent upon technology, and if so how is it dependent? Or, are science and technology becoming so interdependent that the line dividing them has become totally erased? This book charts the history of technoscience from the late nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century and shows how the military-industrial-academic complex and big science combined to create new examples of technoscience in such areas as the nuclear arms race, the space race, the digital age, and the new worlds of nanotechnology and biotechnology.
Autorentext
David F. Channell is Professor of Historical Studies and the History of Ideas at the University of Texas at Dallas.
Inhalt
Introduction
1. Relationships between Science and Technology
Terminology
Technology as Dependent upon Science
Science and Technology as Independent
Science as Dependent upon Technology
Science and Technology as Interdependent
Erasing the Boundaries between Science and Technology
Notes
Part I: The Roots of Technoscience
2. From Science-Based Industry to Industry-Based Science
Chemical-Based Industries
Organic Chemical Industries - Synthetic Dyes, Pharmaceuticals and Plastics
Heavy Chemical Industries - Alkalis, Acids and Explosives
Electrical Industrial Research Laboratories - Electric Lighting
Electrical Industrial Research Laboratories - Telephone and Radio
Notes
3. Setting the Stage for the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex: World War I
The Military Build-Up to World War I
World War I
Chemical Warfare - Explosives
Chemical Warfare - Gas
Radio
Naval Warfare
Aerial Warfare
Notes
4. Setting the Stage for Big Science: The Interwar Period
Chemical Research and Development
Aviation Research and Development
Rocket Research and Development
Atomic and Nuclear Research
Notes
5. The Emergence of the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex and Big Science:
World War II
Uranium Research
The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex
Radar and Sonar
Chemical and Medical Research
Military Computers
The Atomic Bomb -- Big Science
Notes
Part II: The Era of Technoscience
6. The Nuclear Arms Race
The H-Bomb
Nuclear Reactors
High Energy Physics
Notes
7. The Space Program
The Missile Race
The Space Race
The Moon Race
Astronomy
Planetary Science
Astrophysics
Notes
8. Electronics
General Purpose Computers
The Transistor
The Integrated Circuit
Computer Science
Notes
9. Material Science
Lasers
Superconductivity
Nanotechnology
Notes
10. Biotechnology
Genetics
The Double Helix
The Genetic Code
Genetic Engineering
The Human Genome Project
Notes
Epilogue
11. The New World of Technoscience
Works Cited