The long-awaited revision of the industry standard on
phylogenetics
Since the publication of the first edition of this landmark
volume more than twenty-five years ago, phylogenetic systematics
has taken its place as the dominant paradigm of systematic biology.
It has profoundly influenced the way scientists study evolution,
and has seen many theoretical and technical advances as the field
has continued to grow. It goes almost without saying that the next
twenty-five years of phylogenetic research will prove as
fascinating as the first, with many exciting developments yet to
come.
This new edition of Phylogenetics captures the very
essence of this rapidly evolving discipline. Written for the
practicing systematist and phylogeneticist, it addresses both the
philosophical and technical issues of the field, as well as surveys
general practices in taxonomy. Major sections of the book deal with
the nature of species and higher taxa, homology and characters,
trees and tree graphs, and biogeography--the purpose being to
develop biologically relevant species, character, tree, and
biogeographic concepts that can be applied fruitfully to
phylogenetics.
The book then turns its focus to phylogenetic trees, including
an in-depth guide to tree-building algorithms. Additional coverage
includes:
* Parsimony and parsimony analysis
* Parametric phylogenetics including maximum likelihood and
Bayesian approaches
* Phylogenetic classification
* Critiques of evolutionary taxonomy, phenetics, and transformed
cladistics
* Specimen selection, field collecting, and curating
* Systematic publication and the rules of nomenclature
Providing a thorough synthesis of the field, this important
update to Phylogenetics is essential for students and
researchers in the areas of evolutionary biology, molecular
evolution, genetics and evolutionary genetics, paleontology,
physical anthropology, and zoology.
Autorentext
Professor Wiley is Emeritus Professor of Ecology and evolutionary Biology at the University of Kansas. Currently he works in the University of Kansas Natural History Museum. Professor Wiley's distinguished career is marked by hundreds of peer-reviewed papers, a continuous string of research grants, including his current NSF grant, "Assembling the Euteleost Tree of Life," and the publication of 5 books.
Professor Lieberman is an Invertebrate Paleontologist at University of Kansas. Professor Lieberman has also authored five books as well as numerous peer reviewed publications. His long string of research grants culminates most recently with an NSF grant to study "Revisionary systematic of Cheirurid Trilobites."
Klappentext
The long-awaited revision of the industry standard on phylogenetics
Since the publication of the first edition of this landmark volume more than twenty-five years ago, phylogenetic systematics has taken its place as the dominant paradigm of systematic biology. It has profoundly influenced the way scientists study evolution, and has seen many theoretical and technical advances as the field has continued to grow. It goes almost without saying that the next twenty-five years of phylogenetic research will prove as fascinating as the first, with many exciting developments yet to come.
This new edition of Phylogenetics captures the very essence of this rapidly evolving discipline. Written for the practicing systematist and phylogeneticist, it addresses both the philosophical and technical issues of the field, as well as surveys general practices in taxonomy. Major sections of the book deal with the nature of species and higher taxa, homology and characters, trees and tree graphs, and biogeographythe purpose being to develop biologically relevant species, character, tree, and biogeographic concepts that can be applied fruitfully to phylogenetics.
The book then turns its focus to phylogenetic trees, including an in-depth guide to tree-building algorithms. Additional coverage includes:
-
Parsimony and parsimony analysis
-
Parametric phylogenetics including maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches
-
Phylogenetic classification
-
Critiques of evolutionary taxonomy, phenetics, and transformed cladistics
-
Specimen selection, field collecting, and curating
-
Systematic publication and the rules of nomenclature
Providing a thorough synthesis of the field, this important update to Phylogenetics is essential for students and researchers in the areas of evolutionary biology, molecular evolution, genetics and evolutionary genetics, paleontology, physical anthropology, and zoology.
Inhalt
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the First Edition xv
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Phylogenetic Propositions 3
Topics Covered 6
Terms and Concepts 7
Disciplines 8
Organisms and Grouping of Organisms 9
Phylogenetic History and Evolution 11
Attributes of Organisms 13
Classification 15
Philosophy and Systematics 16
The Form of Phylogenetic Hypotheses 19
Chapter Summary 21
Chapter 2. Species and Speciation 23
What Is It to Be a Species? 24
Species as Kinds 24
Species as Sets 26
Species as Individuals 27
Species Concepts 27
Process-Based Concepts 29
The Evolutionary Species Concept 30
Justifications for the ESC 32
Variations on the ESC 33
Process-Based Concepts Emphasizing Reproductive Isolation 34
Phylogenetic Species Concepts 36
Some Additional Species Concepts 37
Sorting through Species Concepts 38
Speciation: Modes and Patterns 39
Allopartic Speciation 41
Allopartic Mode I: Vicariance 42
Allopatric Speciation, Mode II Peripatric Speciation 44
Distinguishing between Allopatric Modes of Speciation 44
Parapatric Speciation 49
Sympatric Speciation 49
Identifying Modes of Speciation in the Fossil Record 50
The Evolutionary Species Concept, Speciation, and Ecology 54
Empirical Methods for Determining Species Limits 54
Nontree-Based Methods 55
Tree-Based Methods 61
Chapter Summary 65
Chapter 3. Supraspecific Taxa 66
Concepts of Naturalness and Supraspecific Taxa 67
The Natural Taxon 68
Monophyly, Paraphyly and Polyphyly 70
Hennig's Concepts Placed in History 72
Natural Higher Taxa as Monophyletic Groups sensu Hennig(1966) 73
Logical Consistency: The Hallmark of Proposed Natural Classifications 74
Paraphyletic Groups Misrepresent Character Evolution 80
Paraphyly and Polyphyly: Two Forms of Nonmonophyly 81
Node-Based and Stem-Based Monophyly: Same Concept Different Graphs 83
Chapter Summary 83
Chapter 4. Tree Graphs 85
Phylogenetic Trees 87
Stem-Based Phylogenetic Trees 87
Node-Based Phylogenetic Trees 89
Cyclic Graphs 91
Cladograms 92
Nelson Trees in Phylogenetics 92
From Nelson Trees to Phylogenetic Trees 93
Gene Trees 99
Individuals versus Sets of Individuals Used in an Analysis 99
Representing Character Evolution on Trees 100
Unrooted Trees and Their Relationship to Phylogenetic Trees 101
Node Rotation 102
Other Kinds of Tree Terminology 103
Concepts of Monophyly and Trees 104
Chapter Summary 106
Chapter 5. Characters and Homology 107
A Concept of Character 107
Character States as Properties 109
Shared Character States 110
Historical Character States as Proper…