Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field. Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.
Autorentext
Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren holds an endowed chair
at Wageningen University as Professor of Organic Plant Breeding and
senior researcher Organic Plant Breeding at the Louis Bolk
Institute in the Netherlands.
James R. Myers is the Baggett-Frazier Professor of
Vegetable Breeding and Genetics in the Department of Horticulture
at Oregon State University.
Klappentext
Organic crop production utilizes different approaches and growing environments compared to conventionally raised crops to achieve production in growing systems that mimic natural ecosystems. These systems seek to employ fewer direct inputs and innovative agronomic methods to achieve this goal. This alternative approach has attracted great interest in this rapidly expanding method of crop production. Organic Crop Breeding brings together the latest research on the development of new varieties and cultivars best suited to thrive under organic production. It will also be of interest to those breeding in conventional systems who wish to adapt their breeding goals to sustainable low input agriculture.
Organic Crop Breeding will be a useful tool to helping meet the increasing global demand for organically produced grains, vegetables, and fruits. The book is divided into two sections that logically cover the topic from foundational principles to crop-specific examples of organic breeding efforts. The opening section looks at general topics related to organic crop breeding ranging from nutrient management to disease and pest resistance. The second section looks at the applications of these principles to economically important crops such as wheat, maize, rice, potato, legumes and tomato.
Written by a global team of the leading experts in the field, Organic Crop Breeding is a field-defining reference that will be of both academic and practical use.
Zusammenfassung
Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field.
Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.
Inhalt
Contributors xiii
Foreword xix
William F. Tracy
Preface xxi
Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers
Acknowledgments xxiii
Section 1 General Topics Related to Organic Plant Breeding 1
Chapter 1 Organic Crop Breeding: Integrating Organic Agricultural Approaches and Traditional and Modern Plant Breeding Methods 3
Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers
Introduction 3
How Different Are Organic Farming Systems? 4
Consequences for Cultivar Requirements 5
From Cultivar Evaluation to Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding Programs 6
The History of Organic Crop Breeding in Europe and the United States 8
Perspectives and Challenges for Breeding for Organic Agriculture 11
Conclusion 12
References 12
Chapter 2 Nutrient Management in Organic Farming and Consequences for Direct and Indirect Selection Strategies 15
Monika Messmer, Isabell Hildermann, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, and Zed Rengel
Introduction 15
Availability of Nutrients in Organic Farming 16
Roots: The Hidden Potential 17
Even Greater Complexity: Plant-Microbe-Soil Interactions 21
Importance of Selection Environments 27
Breeding Strategies 30
References 32
Chapter 3 Pest and Disease Management in Organic Farming: Implications and Inspirations for Plant Breeding 39
Thomas F. Döring, Marco Pautasso, Martin S. Wolfe and Maria R. Finckh
Introduction 39
Plant Protection in Organic Farming 42
Key Target Areas of Plant Breeding for Organic Plant Protection 46
Breeding Goals for Ecological Plant Protection 49
Plant Breeding Approaches Directly Targeting Pests or Diseases 50
Plant Breeding Approaches with Indirect Effects on Plant Health 53
Discussion and Conclusions 54
References 55
Chapter 4 Approaches to Breed for Improved Weed Suppression in Organically Grown Cereals 61
Steve P. Hoad, Nils-Øve Bertholdsson, Daniel Neuhoff and Ulrich Köpke Background 61
Crop Competitiveness against Weeds 62
Crop Traits Involved in Weed Suppression 63
Selection of Traits and Their Evaluation in Plant Breeding Programs 64
Selection Strategies 68
Understanding Crop-Weed Interactions to Assist Plant Breeding 70
Concluding Remarks and Wider Perspectives 71
References 72
Chapter 5 Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations 77
Julie C. Dawson and Isabelle Goldringer
Introduction 77
Benefits of Genetic Diversity for Organic Agriculture 79
On-Farm Conservation of Useful Genetic Diversity 80
Breeding Strategies 81
Conclusion 94
References 94
Chapter 6 Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture 99
Dominique Desclaux, Salvatore Ceccarelli, John Navazio, Micaela Coley,Gilles Trouche, Silvio Aguirre, Eva Weltzien, and Jacques Lançon
Introduction 99
Centralized and Decentralized Breeding: Definitions 100
What Can Be Decentralized in Breeding and Why? 100
Participatory Approaches 102
PPB: A Single Term Yielding Different Approaches 102
Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Southern Countries 106
Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Northern Countries 113
General Conclusions and Limits of PPB Approaches in Organic Farming 119
References 120
Chapter 7 Values and Principles in Organic Farming and Consequences for Breeding Approaches and Techniques 125
Klaus P. Wilbois, Brian Baker, Maaike Raaijmakers and Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren
Introduction 125
Arguments against Genetic Engineering 126
&...