This book covers a range of topics that are of increasing
importance in engineering practice: natural hazards, pollution, and
environmental protection through good practice.
The first half of the book deals with natural risk factors, of
both natural and human origin, that should be considered:
subsidence, accidental infiltration, soil instability, rockslides
and mudslides, debris flow, and degradation of buildings and
monuments due to pollution and climactic effects, for example.
These problems are highlighted and it is shown that a combination
of sophisticated numerical techniques and extensive experimental
investigations are necessary in order to effectively tackle these
problems.
The second half of the book is devoted to the use of polluted
sites and associated problems, a topic of growing significance
given the increasing reclamation of land from abandoned industrial
sites for urban development over the last 20 years. Different types
of oil pollution and decontamination methods are described,
followed by a discussion of waste management and detailed coverage
of confinement liners used in surface waste disposal.
Autorentext
Bernard Schrefler is professor of Structural Mechanics at the University of Padua. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Wales Swansea where he obtained subsequently a Doctor of Science degree. He was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Science from the St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, from the Technical University of Lodz and an Honorary Degree from the University of Wales Swansea as well as a Honorary Guest Professorship from the University of Technology of Dalian. He is author of over 350 publications, author/co-author of 5 textbooks and editor/co-editor of 18 monographs and conference proceedings and is associate editor of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering, regional editor of Mechanics Research Communications and serves on the editorial board of 16 International Journals.
Pierre Delage is Professor of Geotechnical Engineering at Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (ENPC), Paris, France and Head of CERMES, the Centre? for Teaching and Research in Soil Mechanics of ENPC. He is also Vice-Chairman of the French Geotechnical Association (CFMS), he has been Chief-Editor from 2000 to 2004 of the Revue Française de Géotechnique. He also participates to the Editorial Boards of Géotechnique (2000-2003), of the Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM (1997-present) and of Computers and Geotechnics, Elsevier, (2000-present).
His main research areas concern the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of soils with applications to unsaturated soils, polluted soils, nuclear waste confinement, soil microstructure, deep marine sediments. He is co-editor of 4 books and has published more than 150 scientific papers. He is frequently invited as panellist or Keynote lecturer in Internatonal Conferences.
Zusammenfassung
This book covers a range of topics that are of increasing importance in engineering practice: natural hazards, pollution, and environmental protection through good practice.
The first half of the book deals with natural risk factors, of both natural and human origin, that should be considered: subsidence, accidental infiltration, soil instability, rockslides and mudslides, debris flow, and degradation of buildings and monuments due to pollution and climactic effects, for example. These problems are highlighted and it is shown that a combination of sophisticated numerical techniques and extensive experimental investigations are necessary in order to effectively tackle these problems.
The second half of the book is devoted to the use of polluted sites and associated problems, a topic of growing significance given the increasing reclamation of land from abandoned industrial sites for urban development over the last 20 years. Different types of oil pollution and decontamination methods are described, followed by a discussion of waste management and detailed coverage of confinement liners used in surface waste disposal.
Inhalt
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1. Debris Flows 1
Christophe ANCEY
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Typology of torrential flows 2
1.3. Initiation, motion and effects of debris flows 6
1.4. Modeling debris flows 12
1.5. Bibliography 30
Chapter 2. Snow Avalanches 39
Christophe ANCEY
2.1. Introduction 39
2.2. Modeling avalanches 45
2.3. Bibliography 65
Chapter 3. Instability of Soil Masses 73
Laurent VULLIET
3.1. Introduction 73
3.2. Slowly moving slopes 75
3.3. Limit state analysis 78
3.4. Case of non-saturated masses 84
3.5. Conclusion and prospects 90
3.6. Bibliography 91
Chapter 4. Instability of Rock Masses 93
François DESCOEUDRES
4.1. Introduction 93
4.2. Cliff stability and toppling 94
4.3. Contact-impact 99
4.4. Flight trajectory 101
4.5. Sliding and rolling 103
4.6. Impact on an embankment (safety embankment) 107
4.7. Capacity of the protective structures 111
4.8. Conclusion 114
4.9. Bibliography 114
Chapter 5. Subsidence Phenomena 117
Bernhard SCHREFLER and Luciano SIMONI
5.1. Subsidence caused by water withdrawal 117
5.2. Artificially-induced land uplift 141
5.3. Conclusions 146
5.4. Bibliography 147
Chapter 6. Soil Collapse due to Water Infiltration 149
Yu-Jun CUI and Pierre DELAGE
6.1. Introduction 149
6.2. The loess in Northern France 151
6.3. Conclusion 165
6.4. Bibliography 167
Chapter 7. Subsidence Induced by Fossil Fuel Extraction 171
Christian SCHROEDER, Yu-Jun CUI and Bernhard SCHREFLER
7.1. Introduction 171
7.2. Subsidence due to coal extraction 172
7.3. Recap of the basic Barcelona mode1 176
7.4. Subsidence due to oil exploitation 179
7.5. Subsidence due to the exploitation of gas reservoirs 185
7.6. Acknowledgements 197
7.7. Bibliography 197
Chapter 8. Deterioration of Stone in Monuments 201
Véronique VERGÈS-BELMIN
8.1. Introduction 201
8.2. Intrinsic degradation factors 202
8.3. Extrinsic degradation factors 214
8.4. Acknowledgements 240
8.5. Bibliography 240
Chapter 9. The Physics of Water Transfer in Stone 247
Jean-Paul LAURENT
9.1. General concepts and terminology 247
9.2. Water in stones: capillarity 250
9.3. Modeling water transfer in stone 263
9.4. Bibliography 271
Chapter 10. Experimental Techniques for Characterizing Alterations 275
Claude BRUNJAIL, Guy BASTIAN, Grégoire CHÉNÉ and Véronique VERGÈS-BELMIN. Updated by Philippe BROMBLET
10.1. Laboratory and in situ testing 275
10.2. Hydric and thermal transfers: specific techniques 296
10.3. Bibliography 303
Chapter 11. Case Studies 313
Jean GODIN, Claude BRUNJAIL, Véronique VERGÈS-BELMIN and Ann BOURGÈS
11.1. Notre-Dame-la-Grande Church in Poitiers, in situ study 313
11.2. Research on earthen plaster stabilized with bitumen and polychrome decoration: Navrongo
cathedral, North Ghana 321
11.3. Bibliography 330
Chapter 12. The Nature and Survey of Soil Pollution 333
Abdelmalek BOUAZZA, Pierre DELAGE and Michel WOJNAROWICZ
12.1. Introduction 333
12.2. The nature of soil pollution 334
12.3. The survey of contaminated sites 339
12.4. Conclusions 356
12.5. Bibliography 357
Chapter 13. Retention and Transfer of S…