In this collection of new and previously published essays, noted philosopher Eric Schliesser offers new interpretations of the signifance of Isaac Newton's metaphysics on his physics and the subsequent development of philosophy more broadly. Schliesser address Newton's account of space, time, gravity, motion, inertia, and laws-all evergreens in the literature; he also breaks new ground in focusing on Newton's philosophy of time, Newton's views on emanation, and Newton's modal metaphysics. In particular, Schliesser explores the rich resonances between Newton's and Spinoza's metaphysics. Schliesser presents a new argument of the ways in which Newton and his circle respond to the treatment and accusations of Spinozism, illuminating both the details of Newton's metaphysics and the content of Spinoza's. Schliesser provides a fine-grained analysis of some of the key metaphysical concepts in Newton's physics, including controversial interpretations of Newton's ideas on space, time, inertia, and necessity. Schliesser restates his provocative interpretation of Newton's views on action at a distance as he was developing the Principia. Newton's Metaphysics contains a substantive introduction, two chapters co-authored with Zvi Biener and with Mary Domski, new chapters on Newton's modal metaphysics and his theology, and two postscripts in which Schliesser responds to some of his most important critics, including Katherine Brading, Andrew Janiak, Hylarie Kochiras, Steffen Ducheyne, and Adwait Parker. The collection presents new and varied analyses on familiar focuses of Newton's work, adding important perspectives to the recent revival of interest in Spinoza's metaphysics.

Eric Schliesser is Professor of Political Science, with a focus on Political Theory, at the University of Amsterdam. In addition, he is Visiting Scholar at the Smith Institute for Political Economy and Philosophy, Chapman University. His research encompasses a variety of themes, ranging from the history of the natural sciences and forgotten 18th-century feminists to political theory, the history of political theory, and the assumptions used in mathematical economics. His interest in the influence of the Chicago school of economics has increasingly moved his research toward the study of the methodology and political role of economists as experts. His publications include his monograph, Adam Smith: Systematic philosopher and Public Thinker (2017), and with Sandrine Bergès, the translated and edited collection, Sophie de Grouchy's Letters on Sympathy: A Critical Engagement with Adam Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments (2019). He has edited numerous volumes including (inter alia) Newton and empiricism, with Zvi Biener, 2014; Sympathy, a History of a Concept (2015); and Ten Neglected Classics of philosophy (2017). Together with Chris Smeenk he is editing the Oxford Handbook of Newton. He keeps a daily blog Digressionsnimpressions.

Contents Acknowledgments Note on the text Abbreviations Introduction 1. Without God: Gravity as a Relational Quality of Matter in Newton's Treatise 2. Newton's substance monism, distant action, and the nature of Newton's empiricism 2a. Postscript 3. On reading Newton as an Epicurean 4. Newton and Spinoza: On motion and matter (and God, of course) (with Mary Domski) 5. Newtonian emanation, Spinozism, measurement and the Baconian origins of the laws of nature 6. The certainty, modality, and grounding of Newton's laws (with Zvi Biener) 7. Newton's philosophy of time 7a. Postscript 8. Newton's Modal Metaphysics and Polemics with Spinozism in the General Scholium 9. The Posidonian Argument: The Presupposition of Design in Natural Philosophy Bibliography Index