The authors describe a risk-based approach to commissioning and start-up of process machinery. Techniques are provided to quantify the safety risks and risks associated with machinery failure and estimated impact on start-up schedules. Examples of defining and quantifying the risks, based on the extent of the commissioning effort as a function of criticality of the machinery are offered. Also included are numerous, directly applicable checklists.

R.G. Eierman, Eierman Machinery Excellence llc, Houston, USA; F. K. Geitner, Process Machinery Technology Services, Ontario, Canada.