Fluvial Geomorphology studies the biophysical processes acting in rivers, and the sediment patterns and landforms resulting from them. It is a discipline of synthesis, with roots in geology, geography, and river engineering, and with strong interactions with allied fields such as ecology, engineering and landscape architecture. This book comprehensively reviews tools used in fluvial geomorphology, at a level suitable to guide the selection of research methods for a given question. Presenting an integrated approach to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, it provides guidance for researchers and professionals on the tools available to answer questions on river restoration and management.
Thoroughly updated since the first edition in 2003 by experts in their subfields, the book presents state-of-the-art tools that have revolutionized fluvial geomorphology in recent decades, such as physical and numerical modelling, remote sensing and GIS, new field techniques, advances in dating, tracking and sourcing, statistical approaches as well as more traditional methods such as the systems framework, stratigraphic analysis, form and flow characterisation and historical analysis.
This book:
* Covers five main types of geomorphological questions and their associated tools: historical framework; spatial framework; chemical, physical and biological methods; analysis of processes and forms; and future understanding framework.
* Provides guidance on advantages and limitations of different tools for different applications, data sources, equipment and supplies needed, and case studies illustrating their application in an integrated perspective.
It is an essential resource for researchers and professional geomorphologists, hydrologists, geologists, engineers, planners, and ecologists concerned with river management, conservation and restoration. It is a useful supplementary textbook for upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in Geography, Geology, Environmental Science, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and interdisciplinary courses in river management and restoration.
Autorentext
Mathias (Matt) Kondolf, Professor of Environmental Planning, University of California Berkeley, USA
Professor Kondolf is a fluvial geomorphologist specializing in environmental river management and restoration. At Berkeley he teaches courses in hydrology, river restoration, and environmental science. His research focuses on human-river interactions, with emphasis on managing of flood-prone lands, managing sediment in rivers and reservoirs, and river restoration, and he has published extensively on these topics. He has served as advisor to US and state agencies on river management and restoration, and provided expert testimony before the US Congress, the California Legislature, and the International Court of Justice and International Court of Arbitration in the Hague.
Hervé Piégay, Research Director at CNRS - National Centre of Scientific Research, ENS of Lyon, France
Professor Piégay is involved in integrated sciences for rivers, and works closely with practitioners, providing knowledge for river management, planning and restoration and methodological frameworks and tools, especially using GIS and remote sensing. As scientific director of the Rhône Observatory of Human and Environment Interactions, he leads an interdisciplinary scientific team conducting research on the Rhône valley, to inform management of the river, its floodplain, and tributaries. He has contributed to more than 200 papers in peer-reviewed journals and book chapters, and has coordinated several edited books.
Inhalt
List of contributors xi
Series Foreword xv
Preface to the Second Edition xvii
Section I: Background
1 Tools in fluvial geomorphology: problem statement and recent practice 3
G. Mathias Kondolf and Hervé Piégay
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Tools and fluvial geomorphology: the terms 4
1.3 What is a tool in fluvial geomorphology? 4
1.4 Overview and trends of tools used in the field 9
1.5 Scope and organization of this book 9
Acknowledgements 11
References 11
Section II: The Temporal Framework: Dating and Assessing Geomorphological Trends
2 Surficial geological tools in fluvial geomorphology 15
Robert B. Jacobson, Jim E. O'Connor and Takashi Oguchi
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Overview of surficial geological approaches 15
2.3 Applications of surficial geological approaches to geomorphic interpretation 27
2.4 Summary and conclusions 33
References 34
3 Archaeology and human artefacts 40
Anthony G. Brown François Petit and L. Allen James
3.1 Introduction 40
3.2 General considerations in using archaeological evidence in geomorphology 40
3.3 Archaeological tools 41
3.4 Legacy sediment 44
3.5 Using archaeological data: case studies 45
3.6 Conclusions 51
References 52
4 Using historical data in fluvial geomorphology 56
Robert C. Grabowski and Angela M. Gurnell
4.1 Introduction 56
4.2 The documentary record 57
4.3 The cartographic record 63
4.4 The topographic record 66
4.5 The modern historical record: remote-sensing 69
4.6 Conclusion 71
Acknowledgements 71
References 71
Section III: The Spatial Framework: Emphasizing Spatial Structure and Nested Character of Fluvial Forms
5 System approaches in fluvial geomorphology 79
Hervé Piégay
5.1 System, fluvial system, hydrosystem 79
5.2 Components of the fluvial system 83
5.3 Fluvial system, a conceptual tool for geomorphologists 84
5.4 Examples of applications 95
5.5 Conclusions 98
Acknowledgements 98
References 100
6 Analysis of remotely sensed data for fluvial geomorphology and river science 103
David Gilvear and Robert Bryant
6.1 Introduction 103
6.2 The physical basis 103
6.3 River geomorphology and in-channel processes 115
6.4 Floodplain geomorphology and fluvial processes 119
6.5 Conclusions 122
Acknowledgements 122
References 128
7 Geomorphic classification of rivers and streams 133
G. Mathias Kondolf, Hervé Piégay, Laurent Schmitt and David R. Montgomery
7.1 Introduction 133
7.2 Classifications for fluvial understanding 138
7.3 Interactions between geomorphic classifications and ecology 143
7.4 Geomorphic classification and quality of river environments 144
7.5 Applying geomorphic classification schemes to fluvial systems 148
Acknowledgements 153
References 153
8 Modelling catchment processes 159
Peter W. Downs and Rafael Real de Asua
8.1 Introduction 159
8.2 Approaches to catchment processes modelling 160
8.3 Conceptual models 160
8.4 Problem-centred interpretative models 161
8.5 Data-driven empirical models 163
8.6 Numerical models 164
8.7 Tools for developing a catchment process model: representation and accuracy considerations 168
8.8 Prospect 173
Acknowledgements 174
References 175
Section IV: Chemical Physical and Biological Evidence: Dating, Emphasizing Spatial Structure and Fluvial Processes
9 Using environmental radionuclides, mineral magnetism and sediment geochemistry for tracing and dating fine fluvial sediments 183
Des Walling and Ian Foster
9.1 Introduction 183
9.2 The tools 183
9.3 Applications 187
9.4 Case study 200
9.5 The prospect 201
References 202
10 Vegetation as a tool in the interpretation of fluvial geomorphic processes and landforms 210
Cliff R. Hupp, S…