The computing profession faces a serious gender crisis. Today,
fewer women enter computing than anytime in the past 25 years. This
book provides an unprecedented look at the history of women and men
in computing, detailing how the computing profession emerged and
matured, and how the field became male coded. Women's experiences
working in offices, education, libraries, programming, and
government are examined for clues on how and where women
succeeded--and where they struggled. It also provides a unique
international dimension with studies examining the U.S., Great
Britain, Germany, Norway, and Greece. Scholars in history,
gender/women's studies, and science and technology studies, as well
as department chairs and hiring directors will find this volume
illuminating.
Autorentext
THOMAS J. MISA is at the University of Minnesota, where he directs the Charles Babbage Institute, teaches in the graduate program for the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine, and is a faculty member in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Klappentext
A fresh, constructive examination of the gender imbalance in computer education and technology
The computing profession is facing a serious gender crisis. Women are abandoning the computing field at an alarming rate. Fewer are entering the profession than anytime in the past twenty-five years, while too many are leaving the field in mid-career. With a maximum of insight and a minimum of jargon, Gender Codes explains the complex social and cultural processes at work in gender and computing today. Edited by Thomas Misa and featuring a Foreword by Linda Shafer, Chair of the IEEE Computer Society Press, this insightful collection of essays explores the persisting gender imbalance in computing and presents a clear course of action for turning things around.
Through engaging historical accounts, Gender Codes tells the stories of women programmers, systems analysts, managers, and IT executives who flooded this initially attractive field in the 1960s and '70s. It celebrates their notable successes in all segments of the industry. The book then examines why, while most other science and technology fields have seen steady growth in the number of female participants, the computing field experienced just the opposite.
Providing a unique international perspective, the contributors to this unprecedented volume reveal how computing has become male-coded, highlighting the struggles women have faced in the office, the media, and in culture at large. The book assesses the existing intervention strategies and pinpoints why they are not working and what canand mustbe done to stall the exodus.
Gender Codes will resonate with female professionals in computing, engineering, and the sciences; with scholars and educators in history, gender/women's studies, and science and technology; with deans, department chairs, center directors, and those in industry and government with hiring responsibilities; and with staff and executives at foundations and funding agencies.
Zusammenfassung
The computing profession faces a serious gender crisis. Today, fewer women enter computing than anytime in the past 25 years. This book provides an unprecedented look at the history of women and men in computing, detailing how the computing profession emerged and matured, and how the field became male coded. Women's experiences working in offices, education, libraries, programming, and government are examined for clues on how and where women succeededand where they struggled. It also provides a unique international dimension with studies examining the U.S., Great Britain, Germany, Norway, and Greece. Scholars in history, gender/women's studies, and science and technology studies, as well as department chairs and hiring directors will find this volume illuminating.
Inhalt
Foreword ix
Preface xiii
Contributors xv
PART I: TOOLS FOR UNDERSTANDING 1
1 Gender Codes 3
Defining the Problem
Thomas J. Misa
2 Computer Science 25
The Incredible Shrinking Woman
Caroline Clarke Hayes
3 Masculinity and the Machine Man 51
Gender in the History of Data Processing
Thomas Haigh
PART II: INSTITUTIONAL LIFE 73
4 A Gendered Job Carousel 75
Employment Effects of Computer Automation
Corinna Schlombs
5 Meritocracy and Feminization in Confl ict 95
Computerization in the British Government
Marie Hicks
6 Making Programming Masculine 115
Nathan Ensmenger
7 Gender and Computing in the Push-Button Library 143
Greg Downey
PART III: MEDIA AND CULTURE 163
8 Cultural Perceptions of Computers in Norway 19802007 165
From "Anybody" Via "Male Experts" to "Everybody"
Hilde G. Corneliussen
9 Constructing Gender and Technology in Advertising Images 187
Feminine and Masculine Computer Parts
Aristotle Tympas, Hara Konsta, Theodore Lekkas, and Serkan Karas
PART IV: WOMEN IN COMPUTING 211
10 The Pleasure Paradox 213
Bridging the Gap Between Popular Images of Computing and Women's Historical Experiences
Janet Abbate
11 Programming Enterprise 229
Women Entrepreneurs in Software and Computer Services
Jeffrey R. Yost
12 Gender Codes 251
Lessons from History
Thomas J. Misa
13 Gender Codes 265
Prospects for Change
Caroline Clarke Hayes
Bibliography 275
Index 297