Clear, integrated coverage of all aspects of nonlinear
optics--phenomena, materials, and devices

Coauthored by George Stegeman, one of the most highly respected
pioneers of nonlinear optics--with contributions on
applications from Robert Stegeman--this book covers nonlinear
optics from a combined physics, optics, materials science, and
devices perspective. It offers a thoroughly balanced treatment of
concepts, nonlinear materials, practical aspects of nonlinear
devices, and current application areas.

Beginning with the presentation of a simple electron on a spring
model--to help readers make the leap from concepts to
applications--Nonlinear Optics gives comprehensive
explanations of second-order phenomena, derivation of nonlinear
susceptibilities, third-order nonlinear effects, multi-wave mixing,
scattering, and more. Coverage includes:

* Nonlinear response of materials at the molecular level

* Second-order nonlinear devices, their optimization and
limitations

* The physical origins of second- and third-order
nonlinearities

* Typical frequency dispersion of nonlinearities, explained in
terms of simple two- and three-level models

* Ultrafast and ultrahigh intensity processes

* Practice problems demonstrating the design of such nonlinear
devices as frequency doublers and optical oscillators

Based on more than twenty years of lectures at the College of
Optics and Photonics (CREOL) at the University of Central Florida,
Nonlinear Optics introduces all topics from the ground up,
making the material easily accessible not only for physicists, but
also for chemists and materials scientists, as well as
professionals in diverse areas of optics, from laser physics to
electrical engineering.

GEORGE I. STEGEMAN, PhD, is Chair Professor in the
College of Engineering at KFUPM, Saudi Arabia, and Emeritus
Professor at the College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL) of the
University of Central Florida (UCF). He is the first recipient of
the Cobb Family Eminent Chair in Optical Sciences and Engineering
at UCF. Dr. Stegeman is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America
and has received the Canadian Association of Physicists's Herzberg
Medal for achievement in physics and the Optical Society of
America's R.W. Wood Prize.

ROBERT A. STEGEMAN, PhD, has held professional positions
at the College of Optical Sciences at The University of Arizona, as
well as various industrial companies.

Clear, integrated coverage of all aspects of nonlinear opticsphenomena, materials, and devices

Coauthored by George Stegeman, one of the most highly respected pioneers of nonlinear opticswith contributions on applications from Robert Stegemanthis book covers nonlinear optics from a combined physics, optics, materials science, and devices perspective. It offers a thoroughly balanced treatment of concepts, nonlinear materials, practical aspects of nonlinear devices, and current application areas.

Beginning with the presentation of a simple electron on a spring modelto help readers make the leap from concepts to applicationsNonlinear Optics gives comprehensive explanations of second-order phenomena, derivation of nonlinear susceptibilities, third-order nonlinear effects, multi-wave mixing, scattering, and more. Coverage includes:

• Nonlinear response of materials at the molecular level
• Second-order nonlinear devices, their optimization and limitations
• The physical origins of second- and third-order nonlinearities
• Typical frequency dispersion of nonlinearities, explained in terms of simple two- and three-level models
• Ultrafast and ultrahigh intensity processes
• Practice problems demonstrating the design of such nonlinear devices as frequency doublers and optical oscillators

Based on more than twenty years of lectures at the College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL) at the University of Central Florida, Nonlinear Optics introduces all topics from the ground up, making the material easily accessible not only for physicists, but also for chemists and materials scientists, as well as professionals in diverse areas of optics, from laser physics to electrical engineering.

Preface xi

1. Introduction 1

1.1 What is Nonlinear Optics and What is it Good for? 1

1.2 Notation 2

1.3 Classical Nonlinear Optics Expansion 4

1.4 Simple Model: Electron on a Spring and its Application to Linear Optics 6

1.5 Local Field Correction 10

Suggested Further Reading 13

Part A: Second-order Phenomena 15

2. Second-Order Susceptibility and Nonlinear Coupled Wave Equations 17

2.1 Anharmonic Oscillator Derivation of Second-Order Susceptibilities 18

2.2 Input Eigenmodes, Permutation Symmetry, and Properties of ⁽²⁾ 23

2.3 Slowly Varying Envelope Approximation 25

2.4 Coupled Wave Equations 26

2.5 ManleyRowe Relations and Energy Conservation 31

Suggested Further Reading 38

3. Optimization and Limitations of Second-Order Parametric Processes 39

3.1 Wave-Vector Matching 39

3.2 Optimizing d⁽²⁾_eff 53

3.3 Numerical Examples 59

References 67

Suggested Further Reading 67

4. Solutions for Plane-Wave Parametric Conversion Processes 69

4.1 Solutions of the Type 1 SHG Coupled Wave Equations 69

4.2 Solutions of the Three-Wave Coupled Equations 77

4.3 Characteristic Lengths 80

4.4 Nonlinear Modes 81

References 84

Suggested Further Reading 85

5. Second Harmonic Generation with Finite Beams and Applications 86

5.1 SHG with Gaussian Beams 86

5.2 Unique and Performance-Enhanced Applications of Periodically Poled LiNbO₃ (PPLN) 98

References 107

Suggested Further Reading 107

6. Three-Wave Mixing, Optical Amplifiers, and Generators 108

6.1 Three-Wave Mixing Processes 108

6.2 ManleyRowe Relations 110

6.3 Sum Frequency Generation 111

6.4 Optical Parametric Amplifiers 113

6.5 Optical Parametric Oscillator 119

6.6 Mid-Infrared Quasi-Phase Matching Parametric Devices 128

References 139

Selected Further Reading 140

7. ⁽²⁾ Materials and Their Characterization 141

7.1 Survey of Materials 141

7.2 Oxide-Based Dielectric Crystals 143

7.3 Organic Materials 144

7.4 Measurement Techniques 149

Appendix 7.1: Quantum Mechanical Model for Charge Transfer Molecular Nonlinearities 153

References 157

Suggested Further Reading 158

Part B: Nonlinear Susceptibilities 159

8. Second- and Third-Order Susceptibilities: Quantum Mechanical Formulation 161

8.1 Perturbation Theory of Field Interaction with Molecules 162

8.2 Optical Susceptibilities 169

Appendix 8.1: ⁽³⁾_ijk'

Symmetry Properties for Different Crystal Classes 192

Reference 196

Suggested Further Reading 196

9. Molecular Nonlinear Optics 197

9.1 Two-Level Model 198

9.2 Symmetric Molecules 210

9.3 Density Matrix Formalism 215

Appendix 9.1: Two-Level Model for Asymmetric MoleculesExact Solution 216

Appendix 9.2: Three-Level Model for Symmetric MoleculesExact Solution 218

References 222

Suggested Further Reading 223

Part C: Third-order Phenomena 225

10. Kerr Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction 227

10.1 Nonlinear Absorption 228

10.2 Nonlinear Refraction 238

10.3 Useful NLR Formulas and Examples (Isotropic Media) 243

Suggested Further Reading 250

11.…