Biography of George Pólya Born in Budapest, December 13, 1887, George Pólya initially studied law, then languages and literature in Budapest. He came to mathematics in order to understand philosophy, but the subject of his doctorate in 1912 was in probability theory and he promptly abandoned philosophy. After a year in Göttingen and a short stay in Paris, he received an appointment at the ETH in Zürich. His research was multi-faceted, ranging from series, probability, number theory and combinatorics to astronomy and voting systems. Some of his deepest work was on entire functions. He also worked in conformal mappings, potential theory, boundary value problems, and isoperimetric problems in mathematical physics, as well as heuristics late in his career. When Pólya left Europe in 1940, he first went to Brown University, then two years later to Stanford, where he remained until his death on September 7, 1985.

Biography of Gabor Szegö Born in Kunhegyes, Hungary, January 20, 1895, Szegö studied in Budapest and Vienna, where he received his Ph. D. in 1918, after serving in the Austro-Hungarian army in the First World War. He became a privatdozent at the University of Berlin and in 1926 succeeded Knopp at the University of KSnigsberg. It was during his time in Berlin that he and Pólya collaborated on their great joint work, the Problems and Theorems in Analysis. Szegö's own research concentrated on orthogonal polynomials and Toeplitz matrices. With the deteriorating situation in Germany at that time, he moved in 1934 to Washington University, St. Louis, where he remained until 1938, when he moved to Stanford. As department head at Stanford, he arranged for Pólya to join the Stanford faculty in 1942. Szegö remained at Stanford until his death on August 7, 1985.

One Infinite Series and Infinite Sequences.- 1 Operations with Power Series.- Additive Number Theory, Combinatorial Problems, and Applications.- Binomial Coefficients and Related Problems.- Differentiation of Power Series.- Functional Equations and Power Series.- Gaussian Binomial Coefficients.- Majorant Series.- 2 Linear Transformations of Series. A Theorem of Cesàro.- Triangular Transformations of Sequences into Sequences.- More General Transformations of Sequences into Sequences.- Transformations of Sequences into Functions. Theorem of Cesàro.- 3 The Structure of Real Sequences and Series.- The Structure of Infinite Sequences.- Convergence Exponent.- The Maximum Term of a Power Series.- Subseries.- Rearrangement of the Terms.- Distribution of the Signs of the Terms.- 4 Miscellaneous Problems.- Enveloping Series.- Various Propositions on Real Series and Sequences.- Partitions of Sets, Cycles in Permutations.- Two Integration.- 1 The Integral as the Limit of a Sum of Rectangles.- The Lower and the Upper Sum.- The Degree of Approximation.- Improper Integrals Between Finite Limits.- Improper Integrals Between Infinite Limits.- Applications to Number Theory.- Mean Values and Limits of Products.- Multiple Integrals.- 2 Inequalities.- Inequalities.- Some Applications of Inequalities.- 3 Some Properties of Real Functions.- Proper Integrals.- Improper Integrals.- Continuous, Differentiate, Convex Functions.- Singular Integrals. Weierstrass' Approximation Theorem.- 4 Various Types of Equidistribution.- Counting Function. Regular Sequences.- Criteria of Equidistribution.- Multiples of an Irrational Number.- Distribution of the Digits in a Table of Logarithms and Related Questions.- Other Types of Equidistribution.- 5 Functions of Large Numbers.- Laplace's Method.- Modifications of the Method.- Asymptotic Evaluation of Some Maxima.- Minimax and Maximin.- Three Functions of One Complex Variable. General Part.- 1 Complex Numbers and Number Sequences.- Regions and Curves. Working with Complex Variables.- Location of the Roots of Algebraic Equations.- Zeros of Polynomials, Continued. A Theorem of Gauss.- Sequences of Complex Numbers.- Sequences of Complex Numbers, Continued: Transformation of Sequences.- Rearrangement of Infinite Series.- 2 Mappings and Vector Fields.- The Cauchy-Riemann Differential Equations.- Some Particular Elementary Mappings.- Vector Fields.- 3 Some Geometrical Aspects of Complex Variables.- Mappings of the Circle. Curvature and Support Function.- Mean Values Along a Circle.- Mappings of the Disk. Area.- The Modular Graph. The Maximum Principle.- 4 Cauchy's Theorem . The Argument Principle.- Cauchy's Formula.- Poisson's and Jensen's Formulas.- The Argument Principle.- Rouche's Theorem.- 5 Sequences of Analytic Functions.- Lagrange's Series. Applications.- The Real Part of a Power Series.- Poles on the Circle of Convergence.- Identically Vanishing Power Series.- Propagation of Convergence.- Convergence in Separated Regions.- The Order of Growth of Certain Sequences of Polynomials.- 6 The Maximum Principle.- The Maximum Principle of Analytic Functions.- Schwarz's Lemma.- Hadamard's Three Circle Theorem.- Harmonic Functions.- The Phragmén-Lindelöf Method.- Author Index.