Zum ersten Mal seit zehn Jahren wieder behandelt ein Lehrbuch dieses immer wichtiger werdende Thema - gerade in Zeiten des globalen Klimawandels. Eine kurze Einführung zu Beginn von "Ecological Biochemistry" deckt die Grundlagen der Biochemie und Molekularbiologie in ausreichender Tiefe ab. Im Hauptteil konzentriert sich das Buch auf Pflanzen-Umwelt- und Bakterien-Umwelt-Interaktionen. Ergänzt wird dieser durch ein eigenes Kapitel über aquatische Systeme. Darüber hinaus ist ein ganzer Abschnitt den Methoden gewidmet, zu allen Themen sind Übungen und Zusatzmaterial online verfügbar.
Autorentext
Gerd-Joachim Krauss is full Professor Emeritus for Ecological and Plant Biochemistry at the Martin-Luther-University of Halle, Germany, where he gained his PhD in plant biochemistry. He was responsible for research projects at the University of Sackville, Canada, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, and Université de Pau/CNRS, Pau, France. His research interests are focused on metal stress response in plants and fungi, and the development of HPLC and coupling techniques.
Dietrich H. Nies is full Professor for Molecular Microbiology at the Martin-Luther-University of Halle, Germany. He began his academic career in Göttingen, carrying out his postdoc in Berlin and at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Professor Nies`s research centers on the interaction of bacteria with transition metals.
Zusammenfassung
The first stand-alone textbook for at least ten years on this increasingly hot topic in times of global climate change and sustainability in ecosystems.
Ecological biochemistry refers to the interaction of organisms with their abiotic environment and other organisms by chemical means. Biotic and abiotic factors determine the biochemical flexibility of organisms, which otherwise easily adapt to environmental changes by altering their metabolism. Sessile plants, in particular, have evolved intricate biochemical response mechanisms to fit into a changing environment. This book covers the chemistry behind these interactions, bottom up from the atomic to the system's level.
An introductory part explains the physico-chemical basis and biochemical roots of living cells, leading to secondary metabolites as crucial bridges between organisms and the respective ecosystem. The focus then shifts to the biochemical interactions of plants, fungi and bacteria within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with the aim of linking biochemical insights to ecological research, also in human-influenced habitats.
A section is devoted to methodology, which allows network-based analyses of molecular processes underlying systems phenomena.
A companion website offering an extended version of the introductory chapter on Basic Biochemical Roots is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/Krauss/Nies/EcologicalBiochemistry
Inhalt
List of Contributors XVII
Foreword XXI
Preface XXIII
CompanionWebsite XXV
Part I: Basics of Life 1
1 Basic Biochemical Roots 3
Dietrich H. Nies
1.1 Chemistry and Physics of Life 3
1.2 Energy and Transport 3
1.3 Basic Biochemistry 4
2 Specialized PlantMetabolites: Diversity and Biosynthesis 15
Alain Tissier, Jörg Ziegler, and Thomas Vogt
2.1 Metabolite Diversity 15
2.2 Major Classes of Plant Specialized Compounds 16
2.3 Sites of Biosynthesis and Accumulation 33
2.4 Evolution of Specialized Pathway Genes 34
3 Evolution of SecondaryMetabolism in Plants 39
MichaelWink
3.1 Origins of Plant Secondary Metabolism 39
3.2 Evolutionary Alternatives 41
3.3 Endophytes, Symbiotic, and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 45
Part II: Ecological Signatures of Life 49
4 Systematics of Life, Its Early Evolution, and Ecological Diversity 51
Dietrich H. Nies
4.1 Cellular Life Forms and Subcellular Parasites 51
4.2 Superkingdom Archaea 51
4.3 Superkingdom Bacteria 55
4.4 Superkingdom Eukaryota 59
5 Communities and Ecosystem Functioning 77
Heinz Rennenberg
5.1 Competition for, and Distribution of, Limiting Resources as a Means of Ecosystem Functioning 77
5.2 Joint Exploitation of Limiting Resources by Symbioses 79
5.3 Avoidance of Competition 89
5.4 Facilitation Mechanisms in Communities and Ecosystem Functioning 90
6 Food Chains and Nutrient Cycles 93
Felix Bärlocher and Heinz Rennenberg
6.1 Basic Concepts 93
6.2 Aquatic Systems 97
6.3 Terrestrial Systems 109
Part III: Biochemical Response to Physiochemical Stress (Abiotic Stress) 123
7 Information Processing and Survival Strategies 125
Ingo Heilmann
7.1 The Stress Concept--Plants and Their Environment 125
7.2 Plant Signal Transduction and the Induction of Stress Responses 126
7.3 Phytohormones 130
7.4 Other Signaling Molecules 141
7.5 Signal Transduction by Protein Phosphorylation 148
7.6 The Calcium Signaling Network 149
7.7 Stress-Induced Modulation of Gene Expression by microRNAs 150
8 Oxygen 155
Karl-Josef Dietz
8.1 Chemical Nature of Oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species 155
8.2 Oxygen Metabolism 156
8.3 Oxygen Sensing 160
8.4 Antioxidant Defense 161
8.5 Reactive Oxygen Species in Abiotic Stresses 162
8.6 Reactive Oxygen Species in Biotic Interactions 164
8.7 Cell Signaling Function of Reactive Oxygen Species 165
9 Light 171
Thomas Kretsch
9.1 Principles of Light Detection and Photoreceptor Function 171
9.2 Sensing of UV-B Light 175
9.3 The LOV Domain: A Variable Molecular Building Block of Many Blue and UV-A Light Sensors 176
9.4 Cryptochromes 179
9.5 Phytochromes 180
9.6 Other Photoreceptor Systems 185
9.7 Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Plants -- a Model for a Light-Regulated Adaptation Process 185
10 Water 191
Wiebke Zschiesche and Klaus Humbeck
10.1 Water: the Essence of Life 191
10.2 Water Balance in Plants 192
10.3 Drought Stress 194
10.4 Cold Stress and Freezing 200
10.5 Salinity 201
10.6 Flooding Stress 205
11 Mineral Deficiencies 209
11.1 Mineral Requirement and Insufficiencies 209
Edgar Peiter
11.2 Carnivorous Plants and Fungi 224
Gerd-Joachim Krauss and Gudrun Krauss
12 Excess of Me...