Cerebral Mass Displacements. Part I: Cisternal Hernia in Intracranial Tumours in the Computer Tomogram.- Materials and Methods.- Results.- Influence of Tumour Location on Alterations of the Cisterns.- 1. Tumours of the Frontal Lobe.- 1.1. Frontal Tumours.- 1.2. Frontobasal Tumours.- 1.3. Frontolateral Tumours.- 1.4. Summary.- 2. Tumours of the Temporal Lobe.- 2.1. Temporal Tumours.- 2.2. Temporobasal Tumours.- 3. Tumours of the Parietal Lobe.- 4. Tumours of the Occipital Lobe.- 5. Tumours of the Basal Ganglia.- 6. Tumours of the Posterior Cranial Fossa.- 6.1. Midline Tumours.- 6.2. Tumours of the Cerebellar Hemispheres.- 6.3. Extracerebral Tumours of the Posterior Cranial Fossa.- 7. Occlusive Hydrocephalus.- Discussion.- References.- Cerebral Mass Displacements. Part II: Clinical Findings in Primary and Secondary Brain Stem Lesions.- Patients and Methods.- Results.- 1. Individual Parameters and Their Combinations.- 2. Progress Investigations.- 3. Summary.- Discussion.- References.- Acute Direct and Indirect Lesions of the Brain Stem - CT Findings and Their Clinical Evaluation.- Summary.- Material and Methods.- Results.- 1. Supratentorial Lesions.- 1.1. Acute Supratentorial Lesions.- 1.2. Decerebration Without Herniation.- 1.3. Discussion of Supratentorial Lesions.- 2. Infratentorial Lesions.- 2.1. Acute Infratentorial Lesions.- 2.2. Subacute Infratentorial Lesions.- 2.3. Discussion of Infratentorial Lesions.- 3. Direct Changes in the Brain Stem.- 3.1. Hyperdense Lesion.- 3.1.1. Traumatic Direct and Indirect Brain Stem Haemorrhage.- Discussion of Traumatic Brain Stem Haemorrhages.- 3.1.2. Spontaneous Brain Stem Haemorrhage.- Discussion of Spontaneous Brain Stem Haemorrhages.- 3.2. Hypodense Brain Stem Lesions.- 3.2.1. Brain Stem Infarcts.- Discussion of Brain Stem Infarcts.- 3.2.2. Basilar Artery Occlusion.- Discussion of Basilar Artery Occlusions.- 4. Indirect Secondary Infarcts of the Brain Stem and Other Regions.- Discussion of the Indirect Secondary Infarcts.- References.- Electrically Elicited Blink Reflex and Early Acoustic Evoked Potentials in Circumscribed and Diffuse Brain Stem Lesions.- 1. Introduction and Objectives.- 2. Historical Review.- 2.1. Blink Reflex.- 2.2. Early Acoustic Evoked Potentials (BAEP).- 3. Materials and Methods.- 3.1. Clinical Investigations.- 3.1.1. Blink Reflex.- 3.1.2. Brain Stem Acoustic Evoked Potentials.- 3.2. Experimental Investigations.- 3.2.1. Blink Reflex.- 3.2.2. Acoustic Evoked Potentials.- 3.2.3. Investigation of the Blood-Brain Barrier.- 4. Results.- 4.1. Normal Findings.- 4.1.1. BR.- 4.1.2. BAEP.- 4.2. Circumscribed Processes with Involvement of the Brain Stem.- 4.2.1. Cerebellar Space Occupations.- 4.2.1.1. BR.- 4.2.1.2. BAEP.- 4.2.2. Cerebellopontine Angle Tumours.- 4.2.2.1. BR.- 4.2.2.2. BAEP.- 4.2.3. Space-Occupying Processes of the Brain Stem.- 4.2.3.1. Blink Reflex.- 4.2.3.1.1. M Response.- 4.2.3.1.2. R1 Response.- 4.2.3.1.3. R2 Response.- 4.2.3.2. BAEP.- 4.2.4. Discussion.- 4.2.5. The Significance of Pontomesencephalic Structures in the Development of the Late Component of BR (R2).- 4.2.5.1. Discussion.- 4.3. Diffuse Acute Processes with Involvement of the Brain Stem.- 4.3.1. Blink Reflex.- 4.3.1.1. BR Findings in Acute Midbrain Syndrome.- 4.3.1.2. BR Findings in Apallics, in Bulbar Syndrome and Brain Death.- 4.3.1.3. The Blink Reflex as Prognostic Criterion.- 4.3.1.4. Discussion.- 4.3.2. BAEP.- 4.3.2.1. BAEP in Acute Midbrain Syndrome.- 4.3.2.1.1. Interpeak Latencies.- 4.3.2.1.2. Amplitude Ratios.- 4.3.2.1.3. "Morphological" Structure of Individual Potential Components and Latency Instability.- 4.3.2.1.4. BAEP, Lesion Level and Neurological Brain Stem Symptoms.- 4.3.2.1.5. BAEP Findings Differing on the Right and Left Side.- 4.3.2.1.6. BAEP Findings in Bulbar Syndrome and Brain Death.- 4.3.2.1.7. The Prognostic Significance of BAEP.- 4.3.2.1.8. Discussion.- 4.4. Experimental Findings.- 4.4.1. Normal Findings.- 4.4.1.1. Blink Reflex.- 4.4.1.2. Acoustic Evoked Potentials.- 4.4.2. Results During the Elevation of Intracranial Pressure.- 4.4.2.1. Pathophysiological Findings.- 4.4.2.2. Blink Reflex.- 4.4.2.3. Acoustic Evoked Potentials.- 4.4.2.4. Pathomorphological and Histopathological Findings.- 4.4.2.4.1. Macroscopic Findings.- 4.4.2.4.2. Fluorescence Microscopy Findings.- 4.4.2.4.3. Light Microscopic Investigations.- 4.4.2.4.4. Electron Microscopic Investigations.- 4.4.3. Discussion.- 5. Summary.- References.- Blood Flow in Brain Structures During Increased ICP.- Summary.- Material and Methods.- 1. Blood Flow Measurement.- 2. Experimental Protocol.- Results.- 1. Control Values.- 2. Effect of ICP upon Systemic Measurements.- 3. Macroscopic Changes.- 4. rCBF in the Initial Phase of ICP Increase.- 5. Effect of ICP upon Regional CBF.- 5.1. Comparison of Regional Flows with Total Brain Flow.- 5.2. Comparison of Left and Right Side Flows.- 5.3. Brain Stem Flow.- 5.4. Comparison of Control Flow with Final Flow.- 6. Influence of ABP.- 6.1. Effect of ICP Increase upon Flow in the Spine, Heart and Kidneys.- 6.2. CBF After Cerebral Ischaemia.- Discussion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Biomathematics of Intracranial CSF and Haemodynamics. Simulation and Analysis with the Aid of a Mathematical Model.- Summary.- Model Equations.- 1. Intracranial System.- 2. Cardiovascular Components.- 3. Baroreceptor Feedback Control.- 4. Disturbance of Central Regulation.- 5. Space Occupying Lesions.- Stability, Model Validation and Simulation Technique.- Model Applications.- 1. Intracranial Pulse Pressure Relationship and Haemodynamics.- 2. Volume Pressure Test and Haemodynamics.- 3. Parameter Estimation.- 4. Rhythmic Phenomena.- Discussion.- References.