This book discusses relevant microgrid technologies in the context of integrating renewable energy and also addresses challenging issues. The authors summarize long term academic and research outcomes and contributions. In addition, this book is influenced by the authors' practical experiences on microgrids (MGs), electric network monitoring, and control and power electronic systems. A thorough discussion of the basic principles of the MG modeling and operating issues is provided. The MG structure, types, operating modes, modelling, dynamics, and control levels are covered. Recent advances in DC microgrids, virtual synchronousgenerators, MG planning and energy management are examined. The physical constraints and engineering aspects of the MGs are covered, and developed robust and intelligent control strategies are discussed using real time simulations and experimental studies.

Hassan Bevrani, PhD, is a Professor at University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran.

Bruno Francois, PhD, is a Professor at Centrale Lille, Lille, France.

Toshifumi Ise, PhD, is a Professor at Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Klappentext

A comprehensive review of microgrid dynamic analysis, control synthesis, and implementations

The microgrid (MG) concept provides a quite appealing solution for overcoming the challenges of integrating renewable energy sources (RESs) and distributed generators (DGs) into power grids. Advances in MG control have improved the MGs potential to be integrated into the electrical power grids in a higher capacity. This improvement not only covers their internal control performance, but also includes the support functionalities to enhance the global operation of power grids.

Microgrid Dynamics and Control is a comprehensive resource that explores MG technologies in the context of renewable power penetration and addresses the challenging control issues. The authorsnoted experts in the fieldexamine the current and long term academic research to offer a summary of the main achievements and the most relevant information available. In addition, the text draws the authors' practical experiences on MGs, electric network monitoring, control design, and power electronic systems.

The text covers MG structure, types, operating modes, modeling, dynamics, and control levels. The physical constraints and engineering aspects of MGs are covered, and developed robust and intelligent control strategies are discussed. This important resource:

• Represents several MG modeling, dynamic analysis methodologies and control synthesis approaches that all are examined by real time simulations and experimental studies
• Covers the MG hierarchical control levels including local, secondary, central/emergency, and global controls to ensure stable, reliable, secure, and economical operation in either grid-connected or islanded operation mode
• Discusses new outcomes and advances in DC MGs, virtual synchronous generators, energy management and power control

Microgrid Dynamics and Control offers engineers and operators in power grid planning and operation a thorough discussion of the basic principles of MG modeling and provides information on common operating issues.

Inhalt

Foreword xix

Preface xxi

Acknowledgments xxvii

1 Grid-connected Renewable Energy Sources 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Renewable Power Generation 3

1.2.1 Renewable Energy Development 5

1.3 Grid-connectedWind Power 6

1.3.1 Wind Power GeneratorWithout Power Electronic Converters 7

1.3.2 Wind Power Generator Using Partial-Scale Power Electronic Converters 7

1.3.3 Wind Power Generator Using Full-Scale Power Electronic Converters 7

1.4 Grid-Connected PV Power 35

1.4.1 Solar Power Generators with Embedded Energy Storage Systems 36

1.4.2 Solar Energy Conversion System: Modeling, Control, and Analysis 38

1.4.3 Experimental Results 55

1.4.4 Control of Grid-Connected Solar Power Inverters: A Review 59

1.5 Summary 66

References 66

2 Renewable Power for Control Support 69

2.1 Introduction 69

2.2 Wind-Energy-based Control Support 73

2.2.1 Wind Turbines Inertial Response 73

2.2.2 Study on a Real Isolated Power System 77

2.2.3 Primary Frequency and Inertial Controls 81

2.2.4 Using Secondary Control 89

2.3 Renewable Primary Power Reserve 89

2.3.1 InstantaneousWind Power Reserve 89

2.3.2 An Evaluation on the Real Case Study 92

2.3.3 Comparison of the Reserve Allocation Strategies 96

2.4 PV-Energy-Based Control Support 102

2.5 Integration of Renewable Energy SystemsThrough Microgrids 105

2.5.1 A Solution for Renewable Power Penetration 105

2.5.2 Microgrids in Future Smart Grids 108

2.6 Summary 112

References 113

3 Microgrids: Concept, Structure, and Operation Modes 119

3.1 Introduction 119

3.2 Microgrid Concept and Structure 125

3.3 Operation Modes 129

3.4 Control Mechanism of the Connected Distributed Generators in a

Microgrid 130

3.4.1 Speed Control of Classical Distributed Generators 130

3.4.2 Control of Inverter-based Distributed Generators 131

3.5 Contribution in the Upstream Grid Ancillary Services: Frequency

Control Support Example 137

3.5.1 Participation in the Frequency Regulation 138

3.5.2 Power Dispatching 142

3.5.3 Simulation Results 147

3.6 Microgrids Laboratory Technologies 147

3.6.1 Hardware-in-the-loop-based Microgrid Laboratory 152

3.6.2 Participant Laboratories to Provide the Present Book 157

3.7 Summary 160

References 160

4 Microgrid Dynamics andModeling 165

4.1 Introduction 165

4.2 Distribution Network (Main Grid) and Connection Modeling 168

4.2.1 Distribution Network Modeling 168

4.2.2 Modeling of Connection Between the Main Grid and the Microgrid 174

4.3 Overall Representation of the Grid-Connected Microgrid 178

4.3.1 Microgrid Bus 178

4.3.2 Global Architecture Representation 178

4.3.3 Microgrid Representation in the Islanded Operation Mode 179

4.4 Microgrid Components Dynamics and Modeling 182

4.4.1 PV Model 182

4.4.2 Energy Storage Systems Modeling 186

4.4.3 Power Electronic Converters 193

4.5 Simplified Microgrid Frequency Response Model 198

4.5.1 Example 1 199

4.5.2 Example 2 201

4.6 A Detailed State-Space DynamicModel 203

4.6.1 MathematicalModeling 203

4.6.2 Simulation Example 207

4.6.3 Closed-Loop State-Space Model 210

4.7 Microgrid Dynamic Modeling and Analysis as a Multivariable System 211

4.7.1 State-space Modeling 212

4.7.2 Dynamic Analysis 215

4.8 Summary 217

References 217

5 Hierarchical Microgrid Control 221

5.1 Introduction 221

5.2 Microgrid Control Hierarchy 225

5.2.1 Local Control 227

5.2.2 Secondary Control 228

5.2.3 Central/Emergency Contr...