Methodology.- A. Technique of Puncture.- Bone Marrow.- Sternal puncture.- Aspiration from iliac crest.- Absolute cell content of the bone marrow.- Splenic Puncture.- Puncture of Lymphnodes and Tumours.- B. Staining Methods.- 1. Cytological Preparations.- Pappenheim Stain.- Wright's Stain.- Safranin-May-Grünwald Stain.- Platelet Count.- Reticulocyte Count.- Demonstration of Sickle Cells.- Feulgen Reaction.- Peroxidase Reaction.- Cytochemical Demonstration of Neutrophil Phosphatase Activity (LAP) and its Semiquantitative Evaluation in the Blood Smear.- Cytochemical Demonstration of Nonspecific Esterase Activity.- ?-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase.- Inhibition of ?-Naphthyl Esterase by Sodium Fluoride.- Cytochemical Demonstration of Naphthyl AS and Naphthyl AS-D Acetate Esterase.- Cytochemical Demonstration of Glycogen in Blood Cells by the Periodic Acid Schiff Reaction and the Diastase Test (PAS Reaction).- Morphologic Variations of Lymphocytes.- Methyl Green Pyronin Stain.- Acridine Orange Stain for Fluorescence Microscopy.- Demonstration of Haemoglobin F in Red Blood Cells.- Staining Cells in the Smear Containing Methaemoglobin.- Nile Blue Sulphate Stain.- Prussian Blue Reaction.- Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Cell Test.- Silver Impregnation.- 2. Staining Methods for the Demonstration of Blood Parasites.- Staining of the "Thick Drop".- Examination of Blood for Bartonella.- Examination of Bone Marrow Smears for Blood Parasites.- Examination for Toxoplasma.- Blood Examination for Filaria.- Examination for Lepra Bacilli.- A. Blood and Bone Marrow.- 1. Individual Cells.- a) By Light Microscopy.- Development of Blood Cells.- Tables 1/2.- Reticulum cells of the bone marrow 3.- Storage cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells 4.- Plasma cells 5.- Basophil proerythroblasts 6.- Polychromatic erythroblasts (macroblasts) and orthochromatic normoblasts 7.- Erythrocytes 8.- Erythrocytes 9.- Myeloblasts 10.- Tissue basophils (tissue mast cells) 11.- Promyelocytes 12.- Neutrophil myelocytes and metamyelocytes 13.- Neutrophil stab cells1 and polymorphonuclears, and types of degeneration 14.- Sato's peroxidase reaction of leucocytes 15.- Morphology and Evaluation of Drumsticks.- Drumstick 16.- Cytochemistry of granulocytes and monocytes 17.- Cytochemistry of granulocytes and monocytes 18.- Steinbrinck-Chediak-Higashi anomaly of granulocytes 19.- Vacuoles in the cytoplasm of granulocytes 20.- Eosinophil and basophil granulocytes, toxic granulation of leucocytes, Pelger anomaly of the nucleus, anomalous granulation of Alder 21.- Megaloblasts 22.- Mitoses of megaloblasts. Changes of the granular cell series in the presence of megaloblastic anaemia 23.- Lymphocytes 24.- Lymphocytes 25.- Lymphocytes 26.- Monocytes, peripheral blood, ?-naphthyl acetate esterase 27.- Lymphocytes, culture 28.- Monocytes 29.- Young and mature megakaryocytes 30.- Megakaryocytes 31.- Megakaryocytes 32.- Osteoblasts and osteoclasts 33.- Hypersegmented megakaryocytes 34.- b) By Electron Microscopy.- Fig. 35-45. Individual Cells.- Polychromatic erythroblast (macroblast) 35.- Reticulocyte 36.- Neutrophil promyelocyte 37.- Eosinophil promyelocyte 38.- Neutrophil granulocyte 39.- Granulation of a neutrophil leucocyte 40.- Basophil granulocyte 41.- Monocyte 42.- Granular megakaryocyte 43.- Two platelets (thrombocytes) 44.- Plasma cell 45.- 2. Normal and Pathological Bone Marrow.- Composition of Normal Bone Marrow.- Normal bone marrow 46.- Normal bone marrow 47.- Bone marrow, general view 48.- Normal bone marrow, cytochemistry 49.- Hypochromic Anaemia.- Definition and Classification of Haemolytic Anaemias.- Iron deficiency anaemia 50.- Haemolytic anaemia, bone marrow 51.- Fetal erythroblastosis, blood smear, composite 52.- Inclusion body anaemia, nile blue sulphate stain 53.- Erythrocytes, HbF and HbCO 54.- Thalassaemia major 55.- Sickle cell anaemia 56.- Haemolytic anaemia 57.- Sideroachrestic anaemia 58.- Dyserythropoetic anaemia 59.- Megaloblastic Anaemia.- Megaloblastic marrow in pernicious anaemia 60.- Megaloblastic marrow in pernicious anaemia 61.- Megaloblastic marrow in pernicious anaemia 62.- Megaloblastic marrow in pernicious anaemia 63.- Megaloblastic marrow in pernicious anaemia 64.- Megaloblastic marrow in pernicious anaemia 65.- Megaloblastic anaemia, bone marrow 66.- Bone marrow in treated pernicious anaemia 67.- Peripheral blood in pernicious anaemia 68.- Perripheral blood in pernicious anaemia 69.- Eythraemia.- a) Chronic Erythraemia (Chronic Erythroblastosis, Type Heilmeyer-Schöner).- Chronic erythraemia, bone marrow 70.- Chronic erythraemia, bone marrow 71.- b) Acute Erythraemia (Type Di Guglielmo).- Acute erythraemia, bone marrow 72.- Acute erythraemia, bone marrow 73.- Reactive Bone Marrow Changes in Infection.- Bone marrow in infection 74.- Reactive increase of plasma cells in infection, bone marrow 75.- Eosinophilia.- Eosinophilia, bone marrow 76.- Eosinophilia, peripheral blood 77.- Infectious Mononucleosis.- Infectious mononucleosis, blood picture, composite 78.- Infectious mononucleosis, peripheral blood, composite 79.- Infectious mononucleosis 80.- LE cells 81.- Gaucher's Disease.- Gaucher's disease 82.- Gaucher's disease, bone marrow 83.- Gaucher's disease, bone marrow, Ciaccio's stain 84.- Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia.- Chronic myeloid leukaemia, bone marrow 85.- Chronic myeloid leukaemia, peripheral blood 86.- Chronic myeloid leukaemia, bone marrow 87.- Chronic myeloid leukaemia, bone marrow 88.- Chronic myeloid leukaemia with acute myeloblastic exacerbation, bone marrow 89.- Philadelphia chromosome 90.- Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia.- Chronic lymphatic leukaemia, bone marrow 91.- Chronic lymphatic leukaemia, bone marrow 92.- Chronic lymphatic leukaemia 93.- Chronic lymphatic leukaemia, peripheral blood 94.- Macroglobulinaemia (Waldenström), bone marrow 95.- Acute Leukaemia.- Acute leukaemia, bone marrow 96.- Acute leukaemia, bone marrow 97.- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, bone marrow 98.- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia as Fig. 98, peripheral blood, composite 99.- Acute leukaemia, bone marrow 100.- Acute leukaemia, bone marrow 101.- Acute leukaemia, bone marrow 102.- Acute leukaemia, peripheral blood 103.- Acute leukaemia, bone marrow, left panoptic stain, peroxidase reaction (Sato) 104.- Acute leukaemia, bone marrow 105.- Acute leukaemia, peripheral blood 106.- Acute leukaemia, bone marrow 107.- Acute leukaemia 108.- Acute leukaemia 109.- Acute leukaemia 110.- Acute leukaemia 111.- Erythroleukaemia.- Acute erythroleukaemia, terminal stage, bone marrow 112.- Acute erythroleukaemia, bone marrow 113.- Erythroleukaemia 114.- Acute erythroleukaemia, initial stage, bone marrow 115.- Reticulosis.- Reticulosis, bone marrow 116.- Reticulosis, bone marrow 117.- Reticulosis, blood picture, composite 118.- Reticulosis 119.- Bone Marrow Aplasia.- Empty bone marrow in panmyelophthisis, composite 120.- Panmyelophthisis in remission, bone marrow 121.- Agranulocytosis.- Agranulocytosis, bone marrow 122.- Thrombocytopenia and Thrombopathy.- Allergic agranulocytosis, promyelocytic bone marrow 123.- Blood picture in Glanzmann-Naegeli's thrombasthenia (composite) 124.- Essential thrombocytopenia (Werlhof's disease), bone marrow 125.- Individual platelets in essential thrombocytopenia 126.- Essential thrombocytopenia, bone marrow 127.- Thrombocythaemia, bone marrow 128.- The Myeloproliferative Syndrome.- Thrombocythaemia 129.- Osteomyelosclerosis 130.- Plasmocytoma (Multiple Myeloma, Kahler's Disease).- Plasmocytoma, bone marrow 131.- Plasmocytoma, bone marrow 132.- Plasmocytoma, bone marrow 133.- Plasmocytoma, bone marrow 134.- Plasmocytoma, bone marrow 135.- Plasmocytoma, bone marrow 136.- Plasmocytoma, bone marrow 137.- Plasmocytoma, bone marrow 138.- B. Spleen and Lymphnode Punctates.- Serosa cells, spleen 139.- Pulp cells, spleen 140.- Lymphnode cytology 141.- Lymphnode cytology 142.- Lymphnode hyperplasia, lymphnode 143.- Lymphnode hyperplasia, lymphnode 144.- Lymphnode hyperpla…