In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in anti-Muslim attacks. What is driving the proliferation of these hate crimes? Why are Muslims being demonised? Building on current research and drawing upon real-life examples and case studies, this book provides an accessible introduction to Islamophobia and Islamophobic hate crimes along with the various responses to this form of victimisation. Chapters cover a range of topics including:

. Definitions of hate crime and Islamophobia

. Islamophobic hate crime online

. Gender and Islamophobia

. Media representations of Islamophobia

. Institutional Islamophobia

As one of the first student resources dedicated to the subject of Islamophobia, this book will be instructive and important reading for those engaged in a range of topics in criminology, including hate crime, victimology and victimisation, crime and media, and gender and crime.

Imran Awan is a Professor in Criminology and Deputy Director of the Centre for Applied Criminology at Birmingham City University, UK.

Irene Zempi is a Senior Lecturer in Criminology at Nottingham Trent University, UK.

1. Introduction; 2. Understanding Islamophobic hate crime; 3. Islamophobia online and in the digital world; 4. Gendered Islamophobia; 5. Islamophobia and perceived Muslim identity; 6. Using autoethnography for Islamophobic hate crimes; 7. Institutional Islamophobia: policing, profiling, and hate; 8. Islamophobia, terrorism, and the media; 9. Impacts of Islamophobic hate crime; 10. Islamophobic hate crime in Europe; 11. Conclusion