This book, Plant Breeding, has it bases in an earlier
text entitled An Introduction to Plant Breeding by Jack
Brown and Peter Caligari, first published in 2008. The challenges
facing today's plant breeders have never been more
overwhelming, yet the prospects to contribute significantly to
global food security and farmers' quality of life have never
been more exciting and fulfilling. Despite this there has
been a worrying decline in public funding for plant
breeding-related research and support for international
centers of germplasm development and crop improvement.
In part, this has resulted in a serious reduction in the number of
young people interested in devoting their professional careers to
plant breeding as well as the number of universities offering plant
breeding courses or conducting relevant research in plant
breeding.
The authors' aim in writing this book is to provide an
integrated and updated view of the current scientific progress
related to diverse plant breeding disciplines, within the context
of applied breeding programs. This excellent new book will
encourage a new generation of students to pursue careers related to
plant breeding and will assist a wider audience of agricultural
students, agronomists, policy makers and those with an interest in
agriculture in gaining insight about the issues affecting plant
breeding and its key role in improving the quality of life of
people and in securing sufficient food, at the quality required and
at an affordable price.
With comprehensive coverage including questions designed for
students, and an accompanying website containing additional
material to help in the study of the subject, Plant Breeding
is an ideal text for all those studying plant and crop sciences,
and a convenient reference source for professionals working in the
area. All libraries within universities and research establishments
where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught
should have multiple copies of this book.
Autorentext
Jack Brown, Full Professor, Plant Breeding & Genetics, University of Idaho, USA. HNC Mathematics & Statistics, Napier College, Edinburgh, Scotland; MSc and PhD at St Andrews University, St Andrews, Scotland. Professor Brown has over 40 years of experience working as a plant breeder in the public and private sector and has developed and released cultivars of barley, potato, canola, mustard and wheat. Professor Brown currently teaches upper division and graduate classes in plant breeding, genetics, and field crop production.
Peter Caligari, Full Professor, University of Talca, Chile. BSc, PhD and DSc at University of Birmingham, UK. Professor Caligari has over 40 years of research experience in, and application of, genetics and plant breeding in a range of crops including potatoes, cashew nuts, oil palm, lupins, strawberries and blueberries, and extensive teaching experience including plant breeding and genetics at the graduate and post-graduate level.
Hugo Campos, Fellow, Monsanto, Chile. BSc at Universidad Austral de Chile, PhD at the John Innes Centre, UK, MBA at Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile. Dr Campos has over 24 years of experience in plant biotechnology, crop breeding and product development in industry, academia and international agricultural development.
Zusammenfassung
This book, Plant Breeding, has it bases in an earlier text entitled An Introduction to Plant Breeding by Jack Brown and Peter Caligari, first published in 2008. The challenges facing today's plant breeders have never been more overwhelming, yet the prospects to contribute significantly to global food security and farmers' quality of life have never been more exciting and fulfilling. Despite this there has been a worrying decline in public funding for plant breeding-related research and support for international centers of germplasm development and crop improvement. In part, this has resulted in a serious reduction in the number of young people interested in devoting their professional careers to plant breeding as well as the number of universities offering plant breeding courses or conducting relevant research in plant breeding.
The authors' aim in writing this book is to provide an integrated and updated view of the current scientific progress related to diverse plant breeding disciplines, within the context of applied breeding programs. This excellent new book will encourage a new generation of students to pursue careers related to plant breeding and will assist a wider audience of agricultural students, agronomists, policy makers and those with an interest in agriculture in gaining insight about the issues affecting plant breeding and its key role in improving the quality of life of people and in securing sufficient food, at the quality required and at an affordable price.
With comprehensive coverage including questions designed for students, and an accompanying website containing additional material to help in the study of the subject, Plant Breeding is an ideal text for all those studying plant and crop sciences, and a convenient reference source for professionals working in the area. All libraries within universities and research establishments where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught should have multiple copies of this book.
Inhalt
Preface xi
About the companion website xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Requirements of plant breeders 1
1.2 Evolution of crop species 4
1.2.1 Why did hunter-gatherers become farmers? 4
1.2.2 What crops were involved? And when did they arise? 5
1.3 Natural and human selection 8
1.4 Contribution of modern plant breeders 8
Think questions 11
2 Modes of Reproduction and Types of Cultivar 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Modes of reproduction 15
2.2.1 Sexual reproduction 15
2.2.2 Asexual reproduction 16
2.3 Types of cultivar 17
2.3.1 Pure-line cultivars 17
2.3.2 Open-pollinated cultivars 17
2.3.3 Hybrid cultivars 18
2.3.4 Clonal cultivars 18
2.3.5 Synthetic cultivars 18
2.3.6 Multiline cultivars 18
2.3.7 Composite-cross cultivars 19
2.4 Annuals and perennials 19
2.5 Reproductive sterility 19
Think questions 19
3 Breeding Objectives 21
3.1 Introduction 21
3.2 People, politics and economic criteria 22
3.3 Grower profitability 25
3.3.1 Increasing harvestable yield 26
3.3.2 Selection for yield increase 27
3.4 Increasing end-use quality 28
3.4.1 Testing for end-use quality 30
3.5 Increasing pest and disease resistance 31
3.6 Types of plant resistance 34
3.7 Mechanisms for disease resistance 35
3.8 Testing plant resistance 36
3.9 Conclusions 38
Think questions 38
4 Breeding Schemes 40
4.1 Introduction 40
4.2 Development of pure-line cultivars 40
4.2.1 Homozygosity 41
4.2.2 Breeding schemes for pure-line cultivars 43
4.2.3 Number of segregating families and selections 46
4.2.4 Seed increases for cultivar release 46
4.3 Developing multiline cultivars 47
4.3.1 Backcrossing 48
4.4 Development of open-pollinated population cultivars 49
4.4.1 Breeding schemes for open-pollinating population cultivars 49
4.4.2 Backcrossing in open-pollinated population cultivar development 51
4.5 Developing synthetic cultivars 51
4.5.1 Seed production of a synthetic cultivar 53
4.6 Developing hybrid cultivars 53
4.6.1 Heterosis 55
4.6.2 Types of hybrid 58
4.6.3 Breeding system for F1 hybrid cultivars 58
4.6.4 Backcrossing in …