Human Growth and the Development of Personality, Third Edition presents a well-informed account of human growth in which the maturation of the body plays a significant role. This book provides an invaluable foundation for the understanding of all the vagaries of normal human development.
Organized into 20 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the scientific basis for provision of human needs. This text then presents a scientific study of personality. Other chapters consider the developmental stages of an individual. The final chapter deals with the ever-present burden on public services of old people, including many who are living in financial deprivation, deplorable residential accommodation, and in conflict with members of family or close neighbors.
This book is a valuable resource for readers who are confronted by perplexed or anxious patients, clients, or parents, to help them recognized their problems more clearly and so to offer them informed guidance.
Inhalt
Foreword to the First Edition
Introduction to the Third Edition
Introduction to the Second Edition
Introduction to the First Edition
Acknowledgments
1. Human Needs
Assumptions on Growth
Home and School
Targets of Professional Activity
The Individual and the Culture
Recognizing Differences
Methods of Study
Organized and Unorganized Help
Professional Help at Different Levels: Points of Growth
Levels of Description: Diagnosis
Incompleteness of Provision for Essential Needs
Help Based on Perception of Essential Needs
2. Definitions of Personality
Categories of Definition
Testing Theories: A Pragmatic View
Personality as an Assemblage of Qualities
Extensions of Personality
Personality as a Dynamic Interaction
Description of the Physical, Intellectual and Emotional Aspects
Intellectual Growth
The Image and the Source
Character and Temperament
3. Theories of Personality
Descriptive Theories
Behaviorism and Learning Theory
Cognitive Growth Theory
Piaget's Developmental Psychology
Psychodynamic Schools
The Dynamic Model
The Topographical Model
The Structural Model
The Historical Model
Transference Relationships
Choice of Model
Other Psychoanalytical Theories (1) Anna Freud and Melanie Klein
Anna Freud
Melanie Klein
Other Psychoanalytical Theories (2) Reich, Rank, Stekel, Adler, Jung, Erikson
Jung
Erikson
Theory and Practice
The Notion of Development
4. Developmental Stages
Individuality of the Baby at Birth
Dependence and Independence
Nature and Nurture
Developmental Norms
The Need to be a Parent
Desire to Differentiate: Organic and Emotional Causes of Disorders
Charting the Stages
Transition between Stages as a Crisis or Stepping Stone
5. The Suckling
Breast Feeding as a Reunion with Mother
Establishing the Flow of Milk: Sign Release Phenomena
Mechanical and Emotional Factors
Artificial Feeding: Rational and Irrational Reasons
Vigor of Baby's Sucking
Primitive Levels of Satisfaction and Frustration
Feeding Routines
Patterns of Infant Care
6. Toilet Training
Toilet Training as a Social Demand
Maternal Attitudes to Products of Elimination
Maturation of Nervous Pathways
Battles of Will
Tension, Relief and Gratification
Bowel Activity as a Communication
Control as Stage of Development
Enuresis
7. Infantile Sexuality
Sex Differences: Physical Basis
Sexual Organs and Sexual Roles
Rates of Growth
Cultural and Biological Factors
Sensual Pleasures: Intensity of Sensual Experiences at Different Stages
Genital Sensitivity
Communication of Guilt
Masturbatory Activities
8. The Oedipal Situation
Myths as Patterns of Regularly Occurring Human Situations
Present-day Implications
The Oedipus Legend in Full
Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael and Sarah
Maturation as an Historical and as a Personal Process
Emphasis by Omission
Acting the Drama in Fantasy
Repression of Sexual Component
Parents as Participants: Abnormality
Latency Period
Continuity
9. Rejection: Reappraisal
Revealing the Basic Attitudes in Professional Workers
Hidden Acceptance in a Rejecting Mother
Universality of Rejection
Competing Needs
Pathological Situations
Factors Relating to the Marital Situation or Status
Factors Concerning the Child
Factors Concerning the Pregnancy and Delivery
Factors Relating to Deep Emotional Disturbances of Either Parent
Rejection Processes
Rejection Feelings: Reality and Fantasy
Balance of Rejection and Acceptance; Mothering Breakdown and Distress
Reciprocal Rejection: Children's Fantasies About Parents
10. Acceptance: The Basis of Infant Care
Bonding
Raising the Standards of Material Care
Infant Mortality, Handicap and Medical Services
The Layman as Pioneer
Non-Material Needs
Relativity of Levels of Provision
Valuing Deprivation
Looking Back in Anger
Vicarious Reparation
Finding a Balance: Building up Family Standards
The Spoilt Child
Aiming at Perfection
Making up for Deficiencies
11. Deprivation, Privation and Provision: Separation and Union
Deprivation and Privation
Separation
Maternal Presence
Effects of Separation on Mothers
Depression in Infancy
Degree of Interaction with Mother Figure
New Postulations I: Complementarity of Separation and Union
The Family as a Functional Unit
New Postulations II: Definition of Deprivation in Terms of Provision which is Lacking
Illustrative Cases
Essential Provisions: The Deprived Child and Deprived Parent
The Deprived Clinician
Relativity of Deprivation
12. Play and the Preschool Child
The Physical Matrix of Living Activity
The Nature of Play
The Functions of Play
Learning Through Play
Appropriate Levels of Play
Toys as a Possession
Moral Development
Fantasy, Imagination and Creativity
13. Social Problems of Education
Compulsion
Progress Towards Secondary Education
Selective Education
Comprehensive Education
Influence of School on Achievement and Behavior
Varying Patterns of Education
Post World War II Government Reports
Special Education
Severe Mental Handicap: Heterogeneous Group
Education of the Handicapped: The Need for Multi-Disciplinary Services
Special Education v. Integration
Social Interaction of School and Home
Equality of Ability or of Opportunity
Education and the Mentally Handicapped Child
Equality or Uniqueness
14. Primary Education
Infant School (the Child from 5 to 7 Years)
Culturally Determined Activities
Transference to the Teacher
Rules and Restrictions
Social Learning in Groups
Words, Symbols and Mental Concepts
Personality and Identity
Expectations and Images of School and Teacher
Freedom within a Framework
The Child f…