Wind energy's bestselling textbook- fully revised.



This must-have second edition includes up-to-date data,
diagrams, illustrations and thorough new material on:

* the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics;

* wind turbine testing and modelling;

* wind turbine design standards;

* offshore wind energy;

* special purpose applications, such as energy storage and fuel
production.

Fifty additional homework problems and a new appendix on data
processing make this comprehensive edition perfect for engineering
students.

This book offers a complete examination of one of the most
promising sources of renewable energy and is a great introduction
to this cross-disciplinary field for practising engineers.

"provides a wealth of information and is an excellent
reference book for people interested in the subject of wind
energy." (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine,
November/December 2003)

"deserves a place in the library of every university and
college where renewable energy is taught." (The
International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education,
Vol.41, No.2 April 2004)

"a very comprehensive and well-organized treatment of the
current status of wind power." (Choice, Vol. 40, No.
4, December 2002)

James Manwell is a professor of Mechanical Engineering the University of Massachusetts and the Director of the Wind Energy Center there. He hold an M.S. in Electrical and Computer engineering and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering. he has been involved with a wide range of wind energy research areas since the mid 1970's. These range from wind turbine dynamics to wind hybrid power systems. His most recent research has focused on the assessment of external conditions related to the design of offshore wind turbines. he has participated in activities of the International Energy Agency, the International Electrotechnical Commission and the International Science Panel on Renewable Energies. He lives in Conway, Massachusetts.

John McGowan a professor Mechanical Engineering at the University of Massachusetts and the co-Director of the Wind Energy Center there. He holds an M.S. and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering. During his forty plus years at the University he has developed and taught a number of fundamental undergraduate/graduate engineering courses in renewable energy and energy conversion. His research and graduate student supervision at UMass has produced approximately 200 technical papers in a wide range of energy conversion applications. His recent research interests in wind engineering have been concentrated in the areas of wind system siting, hybrid systems modeling, economics, and offshore wind engineering. Professor McGowan is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and editor of Wind Engineering journal. He lives in Northfield, Massachusetts.

Anthony Rogers holds both and M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts and was formerly a senior research engineer in the Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (now the Wind Energy center) there. He is presently a senior engineer at DNV Global Energy Concepts. He has had a long career in the wind energy field, and has been involved with a wide range of topics. These have included wind turbine monitoring and control and the application of remote sensing devices. He lives in Amherst, Massachusetts.

This must-have second edition includes up-to-date data, diagrams, illustrations and thorough new material on:

• the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics;
• wind turbine testing and modelling;
• wind turbine design standards;
• offshore wind energy;
• special purpose applications, such as energy storage and fuel production.

Fifty additional homework problems and a new appendix on data processing make this comprehensive edition perfect for engineering students.

This book offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and is a great introduction to this cross-disciplinary field for practising engineers.

provides a wealth of information and is an excellent reference book for people interested in the subject of wind energy. (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, November/December 2003)

deserves a place in the library of every university and college where renewable energy is taught. (The International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol.41, No.2 April 2004)

a very comprehensive and well-organized treatment of the current status of wind power.

(Choice, Vol. 40, No. 4, December 2002)

This must-have second edition includes up-to-date data, diagrams, illustrations and thorough new material on:

• the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics;
• wind turbine testing and modelling;
• wind turbine design standards;
• offshore wind energy;
• special purpose applications, such as energy storage and fuel production.

Fifty additional homework problems and a new appendix on data processing make this comprehensive edition perfect for engineering students.

This book offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and is a great introduction to this cross-disciplinary field for practising engineers.

provides a wealth of information and is an excellent reference book for people interested in the subject of wind energy. (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, November/December 2003)

deserves a place in the library of every university and college where renewable energy is taught. (The International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol.41, No.2 April 2004)

a very comprehensive and well-organized treatment of the current status of wind power. (Choice, Vol. 40, No. 4, December 2002)

About the Authors ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

1 Introduction: Modern Wind Energy and its Origins 1

1.1 Modern Wind Turbines 2

1.2 History of Wind Energy 10

References 21

2 Wind Characteristics and Resources 23

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 General Characteristics of the Wind Resource 24

2.3 Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 36

2.4 Wind Data Analysis and Resource Estimation 53

2.5 Wind Turbine Energy Production Estimates Using

Statistical Techniques 63

2.6 Regional Wind Resource Assessment 65

2.7 Wind Prediction and Forecasting 72

2.8 Wind Measurement and Instrumentation 74

2.9 Advanced Topics 84

References 87

3 Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines 91

3.1 General Overview 91

3.2 One-dimensional Momentum Theory and the Betz Limit 92

3.3 Ideal Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Wake Rotation 96

3.4 Airfoils and General Concepts of Aerodynamics 101

3.5 Blade Design for Modern Wind Turbines 115

3.6 Momentum Theory and Blade Element Theory 117

3.7 Blade Shape for Ideal Rotor without Wake Rotation 121

3.8 General Rotor Blade Shape Performance Prediction 124

3.9 Blade Shape for Optimum Rotor with Wake Rotation 131

3.10 Generalized Rotor Design Procedure 133

3.11 Simplified HAWT Rotor Performance Calculation Procedure 138

3.12 Effect of Drag and Blade Number on Optimum Performance 139

3.13 Computational and Aerodynamic Issues in Aerodynamic Design 141

3.14 Aerodynamics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 145

References 153

4 Mechanics and Dynamics 157

4.1…