As American educational reformers continue to find innovative ways to address the global achievement gap, many experts seem to agree that increasing instructional time is a viable option. In addition to extending the school day, some educational leaders have looked to modifying the traditional academic calendar to address some of the academic losses that occur when students have 8-10 weeks of summer vacation each year. Re-examining how students spend their summer vacation, although considered by many to be a cultural taboo, may be the answer to addressing global competition and decreasing the national achievement gap. The need for a two month break from schools harkens back to a pre-industrial time that no longer is pertinent for our students. Although an answer may be staring us in the face, are we willing to give up on the American tradition of summer vacation all in the name of reform and student success?

James Pedersen is currently the superintendent for the Essex County Schools of Technology. His career in education spans over thirty years and includes a variety of instructional and administrative positions. Pedersen has published and been cited in over twenty articles as well as two books focusing on education, Rise of the Millennial Parents (2013) and Summer versus School: The Possibilities of the Year-Round School (2015). His research and contributions of school calendars is an ongoing passion.

PrefaceAcknowledgementsPART I
Chapter 1 - The Summer and the American School System: The History of Summer Vacation
Chapter 2 - Calendars and Vacations: How Americans Spend Their Time
Chapter 3 - The Challenges to Seeking Reform: The Proponents, the Opponents and the Obstacles
Chapter 4- The Need for Year Round Education: Addressing Summer Fade and Creating
Chapter 5 - Summer Fade, Summer Slide and Summer Loss: The Negative Aspects of Summer Vacation
PART II
Chapter 6 - Year-Round Schools Around the World: Examples of Non-Traditional International School Calendars
Chapter 7 - Year Round Schools in America: Types of Calendar Reform
PART III
Chapter 8 - Calendar Reform Models
Chapter 9 - Early Childhood Students and Year Round Education
Chapter 10 - Elementary Students and Year Round Education
Chapter 11 - Middle School Students and Year Round Education
Chapter 12 - High School Students and Year Round Education
PART IV
Chapter 13 - Working Within the Paradigm: Summer Camps, Summer Programs and Summer Learning
Chapter 14 - Schools Without Calendars...and Walls: On-line Learning Opportunities
Chapter 15 - The Role of the Stakeholders: Looking At All Perspectives