Polysaccharide nanocrystals can be derived from the renewable resources cellulose, chitin or starch, which makes them ideal candidates for "Green Materials Science". This versatile material class can be used in nanocomposites such as rubber or polyester, and in functional materials such as drug carriers, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive materials or membranes. Moreover, polysaccharide-based nanomaterials are environmentally friendly due to their intrinsic biodegradability.
With its interdisciplinary approach the book gives a thorough introduction to extraction, structure, properties, surface modification, theory, and mechanisms of material formation of polysaccharide nanocrystals from renewable resources. In addition, it provides an in-depth description of plastics, composites, and nanomaterials from cellulose nanocrystals, chitin nanowhiskers and starch nanocrystals.
The first focused, concise and coherent treatment of nanomaterials made from renewable resources such as cellulose, chitin, and starch - for scientists, engineers, graduate students and industrial researchers in the field of polymeric materials.
Autorentext
Prof. Dr. Jin Huang is affiliated with College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, China. He received the PhD from College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, China. His research interest focuses on "Developing chemical and physical methodology and technologies to manufacturing green materials from biomass resources". He has worked on the preparation and evaluation of bioplastics, composites and nanocomposites using natural polymers including cellulose, chitin and chitosan, starch, plant proteins etc., and explored some advanced applications in biomedical field. Up to now, he has authored and co-authored more than 100 peer-reviewed journal publications (h-index of 24), 7 book chapters, over 40 granted patents, and many conference papers/presentations.
Prof. Dr. Chang is affiliated with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Government of Canada, and with the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. His research interests focus on "developing new opportunities from bio-resources for supporting a robust and vibrant bioeconomy". He works on the characterization and processing of biopolymers from agricultural/biomass production, and devising functional systems (bioplastics, biocomposites, nanocomposites, biomaterials etc.) and other industrial products. Prior to his current postings, Dr. Chang worked 15 years for several consulting firms which offered practical solutions to domestic and international companies in the agri-food and bio-resource industries. He has authored 120+ peer-reviewed papers (h-index of 29), 90+ technology transfer contract reports to industry, many authoritative reviews and book chapters, four granted patents, and numerous conference papers/presentations.
Dr. Ning Lin received his PhD at the International School of Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora) in Grenoble Institute of Technology, France. Currently, he is conducting postdoctoral research in Universite Joseph Fourier and Grenoble Institute of Technology, France. He has authored 14 scientific publications, 4 book chapters and 2 patents. His research interests include chemical modification, design and development of nanocomposite, and functional application based on biomass nanoparticles.
Professor Dr. Alan Dufresne is affiliated with The International School of Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora) at Grenoble Institute of Technology, France. He received his PhD in 1991 from the Department of Electronic at the Toulouse National Institute of Applied Science. His main research interests concern the processing and characterization of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with nanoparticles extracted from renewable resources. He has authored and co-authored more than 200 scientific publications (h-index of 58) and 38 book chapters, as well as a monograph on nanocellulose in 2012. He was invited professor at Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) (Brazil) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) (Malaysia).
Zusammenfassung
Polysaccharide nanocrystals, an emerging green nanoingredient (nanomaterial) with high crystallinity obtained by acid hydrolysis of biomass-based polysaccharides, are of scientific and economic significance owing to their abundance, biodegradation potential, and fascinating functional performance. This versatile class of materials can be used in nanocomposites such as rubber or polyester, and in functional materials such as drug carriers, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive materials or membranes, to name but a few.
This book encompasses the extraction, structure, properties, surface modification, theory, and mechanism of diverse functional systems derived from polysaccharide nanocrystals.
This highly sought-after trendy book is currently the only monograph devoted to the most current knowledge pertaining to this exciting subject area. It is ideal for researchers and stakeholders who wish to broaden and deepen their knowledge in the fast-moving and rapidly expanding R&D field of polymeric materials.
Inhalt
List of Contributors XIII
Foreword XV
Preface XVII
1 Polysaccharide Nanocrystals: Current Status and Prospects in Material Science 1
Jin Huang, Peter R. Chang, and Alain Dufresne
1.1 Introduction to Polysaccharide Nanocrystals 1
1.2 Current Application of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Material Science 3
1.3 Prospects for Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Materials 8
List of Abbreviations 9
References 9
2 Structure and Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals 15
Fei Hu, Shiyu Fu, Jin Huang, Debbie P. Anderson, and Peter R. Chang
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Cellulose Nanocrystals 16
2.2.1 Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals 16
2.2.1.1 Acid Hydrolysis Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals 16
2.2.1.2 Effects of Acid Type 19
2.2.1.3 Effects of Pretreatment 24
2.2.2 Structure and Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals 26
2.2.2.1 Structure and Rigidity of Cellulose Nanocrystals 26
2.2.2.2 Physical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals 32
2.3 Chitin Nanocrystals 41
2.3.1 Preparation of Chitin Nanocrystals 41
2.3.1.1 Extraction of Chitin Nanocrystals by Acid Hydrolysis 41
2.3.1.2 Extraction of Chitin Nanocrystals by TEMPO Oxidation 42
2.3.2 Structure and Properties of Chitin Nanocrystals 43
2.3.2.1 Structure and Rigidity of Chitin Nanocrystals 43
2.3.2.2 Properties of Chitin Nanocrystal Suspensions 45
2.4 Starch Nanocrystals 47
2.4.1 Preparation of Starch Nanocrystals 47
2.4.1.1 Extraction of Starch Nanocrystals by Acid Hydrolysis 47
2.4.1.2 Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment 49
2.4.1.3 Effect of Pretreatment 50
2.4.2 Structure and Properties of Starch Nanocrystals 50
2.4.2.1 Structure of Starch Nanocrystals 50
2.4.2.2 Properties of Starch Nanocrystal Suspensions 51
2.5 Conclusion and Prospects 52
List of Abbreviations 53
References 54
3 Surface Modification of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals 63
Ning Lin and Alain Dufresne
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 Surface Chemistry of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals 63
3.2.1 Surface Hydroxyl Groups 63
3.2.2 Surface Groups Originating from Various Extraction Methods 65
3.3 Approaches and Strategies for Surface Modification 66
3.3.1 Purpose and Challenge of Surface Modification 66
3.3.2 Comparison of Different Approaches and Strategies of Surface Modification 67
3.4 Adsorption of Surfactant 70
3.4.1 Anionic Surfactant 70
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