This book serves as an introductory text to optimization theory in normed spaces. Topics of this book are existence results, various differentiability notions together with optimality conditions, the contingent cone, a generalization of the Lagrange multiplier rule, duality theory, extended semidefinite optimization, and the investigation of linear quadratic and time minimal control problems. This textbook presents fundamentals with particular emphasis on the application to problems in the calculus of variations, approximation and optimal control theory. The reader is expected to have a basic knowledge of linear functional analysis.