This is the eighth volume in the series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, focusing on gas injection into geological formations and other related topics, very important areas of natural gas engineering. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters detailing the most cutting-edge techniques in acid gas injection, carbon capture, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more.

Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer in the industry. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is an ongoing series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today.

Ying (Alice) Wu is currently the President of Sphere Technology Connection Ltd. (STC) in Calgary, Canada. From 1983 to 1999 she was an Assistant Professor and Researcher at Southwest Petroleum Institute (now Southwest Petroleum University, SWPU) in Sichuan, China. She received her MSc in Petroleum Engineering from the SWPU and her BSc in Petroleum Engineering from Daqing Petroleum University in Heilongjiang, China.

John J. Carroll, PhD, PEng is the Director, Geostorage Process Engineering for Gas Liquids Engineering, Ltd. in Calgary, Canada. Dr. Carroll holds bachelor and doctoral degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, and is a registered professional engineer in the provinces of Alberta and New Brunswick in Canada. His fist book, Natural Gas Hydrates: A Guide for Engineers, is now in its second edition, and he is the author or co-author of 50 technical publications and about 40 technical presentations.

Mingqiang Hao, PhD, is a senior engineer of reservoir engineering and the deputy chief engineer of Oilfield Development at the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina. His current main research interests focus on CO2-EOR and horizontal well for low permeability reservoirs.

Weiyao Zhu is a Professor of Mechanics at the University of Science &Technology, Beijing, holding the Chair in the Department of Building Environment of Energy Engineering and the Institute of Applied Mechanics. He is also the director of Mechanical disciplines at the University of Science &Technology Beijing. He has served as an editor of some Chinese academic journals, and as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Natural Gas Engineering. He has published twelve books and over 330 research papers and has 17 patents and 26 software copyrights to his credit. He has also been recognized with many professional and academic awards.

This eighth volume in the series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, covers gas injection into geological formations, one of the hottest topics in the industry, with contributions from some of the most well-known and respected engineers in the world.

This is the eighth volume in the series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, focusing on gas injection into geological formations and other related topics, very important areas of natural gas engineering. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters detailing the most cutting-edge techniques in acid gas injection, carbon capture, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more.

Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer in the industry. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is an ongoing series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today.

This outstanding new reference:

• Updates the state-of-the-art processes and technologies for gas injection, one of the most important elements in natural gas engineering
• Covers enhanced oil recovery and how it is related to CO2 capture and acid gas injection in an integrated way of thinking
• Explores technologies for working towards a zero-emission process in natural gas production
• Edited and written by a team of the world's most well-known scientists and engineers in the field

This is the eighth volume in the series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, focusing on gas injection into geological formations and other related topics, very important areas of natural gas engineering. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters detailing the most cutting-edge techniques in acid gas injection, carbon capture, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more.

Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer in the industry. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is an ongoing series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today.

Preface xvii

1 Modifying Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide When Contemplating Subsurface Injection of Sulfur 1
Mitchell J. Stashick, Gabriel O. Sofekun and Robert A. Marriott

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Experimental 3

1.2.1 Materials 3

1.2.2 Rheometer 4

1.3 Results and Discussion 5

1.4 Conclusions 7

References 8

2 Experimental Determination of CO₂ Solubility in Brines At High Temperatures and High Pressures and Induced Corrosion of Materials in Geothermal Equipment 9
Marie Poulain, Jean-Charles Dupin, Hervé Martinez and Pierre Cézac

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Experimental Section 11

2.2.1 Chemicals 11

2.2.2 Test Solutions 11

2.2.3 Metals 11

2.2.4 CO₂ Solubility Measurements 12

2.2.5 Material Corrosion Study 13

2.3 Results and Discussion 15

2.3.1 CO₂ Solubility Measurements 15

2.3.2 Material Corrosion Study 16

2.4 Conclusion 19

2.5 Acknowledgments 19

References 19

3 Experimental Study of the Liquid Vapour Equilibrium of the System Water-CO₂-O₂-NO_x Under Pressure at 298 K 21
Esther Neyrolles, Georgio Bassil, François Contamine, Pierre Cézac and Philippe Arpentinier

3.1 Introduction 22

3.2 Literature Review 23

3.2.1 Carbon Dioxide and Water System 23

3.2.2 Nitrogen Oxides and Water System 24

3.2.3 Nitric Oxide Henry Constant at 298 K 25

3.3 Experimental Section 26

3.3.1 Chemicals 26

3.3.2 Apparatus 26

3.3.3 Operating Procedure 27

3.3.4 Experimental Analysis 29

3.3.4.1 Aqueous Analysis 29

3.3.4.2 Gas Phase Analysis 30

3.3.5 Estimation of the Concentrations of All the Species in the Aqueous Phase 31

3.3.6 Uncertainties 32

3.4 Results and Discussion 33

3.4.1 Solubility of Carbon Dioxide 33

3.4.2 Nitrogen Oxides Repartition in the Aqueous Phase 35

3.4.3 Nitric Oxide Henry Constant at 298 K 37

3.5 Conclusion 38

3.6 Acknowledgments 38

Refer…