The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Politburo (1992) is the definitive history and political analysis of this institution. Extensive use of new Soviet sources permitted the authors to provide a comprehensive analysis of the way in which the Politburo operated and a sociological examination of its membership. The history of the Politburo is presented in a lucid and rigorous account that charts its development from creation by Lenin in 1919 to sidetracking by Gorbachev in 1990: an organization that, as the authors state, 'subjected the whole of the USSR to its ruthless dictatorship, but itself bowed time and again to the leader of its own making'.

John Löwenhardt, James R. Ozinga and Erik van Ree