This is a report about developing country participation both in the current Uruguay round and beyond, arguing that over the post war years a climate of mistrust has evolved between developed and developing countries over trade issues.

Part 1 The system, the players and the issue of participation in the Uruguay round and beyond: the trading system; the players; the developing countries' interest in the system. Part 2 Developed and developing country perspectives on the trading system leading up to the Uruguay round: development strategies, protection and multilateral negotiations; political and other factors underlying protection; the negotiating climate and developed-developing country; trade liberalization; new issues and the coverage of the system; the issues of reciprocity and fuller participation; the climate on the eve of the Uruguay round. Part 3 Recent changes in the trading system and the opportunities they create in the Uruguay round: thinking on import substitution strategies and trade liberalization; thinking in developed countries; developments within GATT; remaining difficulties within the system. Part 4 Strategies for developing countries in the Uruguay round and beyond: opportunities for developing countries in the Uruguay round; can developing countries achieve their objectives in the round?; reciprocity negotiations on trade barriers; negotiations on improved disciplines; will new arrangements work any better?; what might be asked of developing countries?; the importance of the developed country response in the round. Part 5 Broadening the system: commodities; debt-trade linkages; restrictive businesss practices; financial liberalization. Appendices Developing countries and the Uruguay round; Trade policy issues in the Uruguay round; trade patterns and protection in developing countries; the history of developing countries in the global institutions; the Ford Foundation project.