This most up-to-date, one-stop reference combines coverage of both theory and observational techniques, with introductory sections to bring all readers up to the same level. Written by outstanding researchers directly involved with the scientific program of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), the book begins with a brief review of general relativity before going on to describe the physics of gravitational waves and the astrophysical sources of gravitational radiation. Further sections cover gravitational wave detectors, data analysis, and the outlook of gravitational wave astronomy and astrophysics.
Autorentext
Jolien D. E. Creighton is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin?Milwaukee and a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, which he joined in 1998. He received his doctoral degree at the University of Waterloo where he studied the thermodynamical properties of black holes.
Warren G. Anderson is a scientist at the University of Wisconsin?Milwaukee and a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, which he joined in 1998. He received his doctorate at the University of Alberta under Werner Israel, where he worked on Black Hole physics, and has also held a tenure track position at The University of Texas at Brownsville. He also received Master's degrees in Medical Physics (University of Alberta) and Applied Mathematics (University of Waterloo).
Inhalt
Preface xi
List of Examples xiii
Introduction 1
References 2
1 Prologue 3
1.1 Tides in Newton's Gravity 3
1.2 Relativity 8
2 A Brief Review of General Relativity 11
2.1 Differential Geometry 12
2.1.1 Coordinates and Distances 12
2.1.2 Vectors 14
2.1.3 Connections 16
2.1.4 Geodesics 24
2.1.5 Curvature 25
2.1.6 Geodesic Deviation 31
2.1.7 Ricci and Einstein Tensors 32
2.2 Slow Motion in Weak Gravitational Fields 32
2.3 Stress-Energy Tensor 34
2.3.1 Perfect Fluid 36
2.3.2 Electromagnetism 38
2.4 Einstein's Field Equations 38
2.5 Newtonian Limit of General Relativity 40
2.5.1 Linearized Gravity 40
2.5.2 Newtonian Limit 43
2.5.3 Fast Motion 44
2.6 Problems 45
References 47
3 Gravitational Waves 49
3.1 Description of Gravitational Waves 49
3.1.1 Propagation of Gravitational Waves 55
3.2 Physical Properties of Gravitational Waves 58
3.2.1 Effects of Gravitational Waves 58
3.2.2 Energy Carried by a Gravitational Wave 66
3.3 Production of Gravitational Radiation 69
3.3.1 Far- and Near-Zone Solutions 69
3.3.2 Gravitational Radiation Luminosity 74
3.3.3 Radiation Reaction 78
3.3.4 Angular Momentum Carried by Gravitational Radiation 80
3.4 Demonstration: Rotating Triaxial Ellipsoid 80
3.5 Demonstration: Orbiting Binary System 84
3.6 Problems 91
References 95
4 Beyond the Newtonian Limit 97
4.1 Post-Newtonian 97
4.1.1 System of Point Particles 104
4.1.2 Two-Body Post-Newtonian Motion 109
4.1.3 Higher-Order Post-Newtonian Waveforms for Binary Inspiral 114
4.2 Perturbation about Curved Backgrounds 114
4.2.1 Gravitational Waves in Cosmological Spacetimes 119
4.2.2 Black Hole Perturbation 123
4.3 Numerical Relativity 130
4.3.1 The ArnowittDeserMisner (ADM) Formalism 130
4.3.2 Coordinate Choice 139
4.3.3 Initial Data 141
4.3.4 Gravitational-Wave Extraction 143
4.3.5 Matter 143
4.3.6 Numerical Methods 144
4.4 Problems 145
References 147
5 Sources of Gravitational Radiation 149
5.1 Sources of Continuous Gravitational Waves 151
5.2 Sources of Gravitational-Wave Bursts 157
5.2.1 Coalescing Binaries 157
5.2.2 Gravitational Collapse 165
5.2.3 Bursts from Cosmic String Cusps 169
5.2.4 Other Burst Sources 170
5.3 Sources of a Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background 171
5.3.1 Cosmological Backgrounds 172
5.3.2 Astrophysical Backgrounds 191
5.4 Problems 194
References 196
6 Gravitational-Wave Detectors 197
6.1 Ground-Based Laser Interferometer Detectors 198
6.1.1 Notes on Optics 203
6.1.2 FabryPérot Cavity 207
6.1.3 Michelson Interferometer 211
6.1.4 Power Recycling 214
6.1.5 Readout 216
6.1.6 Frequency Response of the Initial LIGO Detector 221
6.1.7 Sensor Noise 226
6.1.8 Environmental Sources of Noise 230
6.1.9 Control System 239
6.1.10 Gravitational-Wave Response of an Interferometric Detector 241
6.1.11 Second Generation Ground-Based Interferometers (and Beyond) 244
6.2 Space-Based Detectors 251
6.2.1 Spacecraft Tracking 251
6.2.2 Lisa 252
6.2.3 Decihertz Experiments 256
6.3 Pulsar Timing Experiments 256
6.4 Resonant Mass Detectors 260
6.5 Problems 265
References 267
7 Gravitational-Wave Data Analysis 269
7.1 Random Processes 269
7.1...