Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks provides an overview of the key features of the 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks, discussing the motivation for 5G and the main challenges in developing this new technology. This book provides an insight into the key areas of research that will define this new system technology paving the path towards future research and development. The book is multi-disciplinary in nature, and aims to cover a whole host of intertwined subjects that will predominantly influence the 5G landscape, including the future Internet, cloud computing, small cells and self-organizing networks (SONs), cooperative communications, dynamic spectrum management and cognitive radio, Broadcast-Broadband convergence , 5G security challenge, and green RF. This book aims to be the first of its kind towards painting a holistic perspective on 5G Mobile, allowing 5G stakeholders to capture key technology trends on different layering domains and to identify potential inter-disciplinary design aspects that need to be solved in order to deliver a 5G Mobile system that operates seamlessly.

Edited by Jonathan Rodriguez
Senior Research Fellow, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal

Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks provides an overview of the key features of the 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks, discussing the motivation for 5G and the main challenges in developing this new technology. This book provides an insight into the key areas of research that will define this new system technology paving the path towards future research and development. The book is multi-disciplinary in nature, and aims to cover a whole host of intertwined subjects that will predominantly influence the 5G landscape, including Future Internet, cloud computing, small cells and self-organizing networks (SONs), cooperative communications, dynamic spectrum management and cognitive radio, Broadcast-Broadband convergence, 5G security challenge, and green RF. The book aims to be the first of its kind towards painting a holistic perspective on 5G Mobile, allowing 5G stakeholders to capture key technology trends on different layering domains and to identify potential inter-disciplinary design aspects that need to be solved in order to deliver a 5G Mobile system that operates seamlessly as a piece of the 5G networking jigsaw.

Key features:

• Addresses the fundamentals of 5G mobile networks serving as a useful study guide for mobile researchers and system engineers aiming to position their research in this fast evolving arena.

• Develops the Small cells story together with next?]generation SON (self-organizing networks) systems as solutions for addressing the unprecedented traffic demand and variations across cells.

• Elaborates Mobile Cloud technology and Services for future communication platforms, acting as a source of inspiration for corporations looking for new business models to harness the 5G wave.

• Discusses the open issues facing broad?]scale commercial deployment of white space networks, including the potential for applications towards the future 5G standard.

• Provides a scientific assessment for broadcast and mobile broadband convergence coupled together with a ´win-win' convergence solution to harmonize the broadcasting and mobile industry.

• Describes the key components, trends and challenges, as well as the system requirements for 5G transceivers to support multi?]standard radio, a source of inspiration for RF engineers and vendors to tie down the requirements and potential solutions for next generation handsets.

Contributor Biographies xiii

Preface xxix

Acknowledgements xxxi

Introduction xxxiii

1 Drivers for 5G: The 'Pervasive Connected World' 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Historical Trend of Wireless Communications 2

1.3 Evolution of LTE Technology to Beyond 4G 4

1.4 5G Roadmap 5

1.5 10 Pillars of 5G 6

1.5.1 Evolution of Existing RATs 6

1.5.2 Hyperdense Small?]Cell Deployment 7

1.5.3 Self?]Organising Network 8

1.5.4 Machine Type Communication 8

1.5.5 Developing Millimetre?]Wave RATs 8

1.5.6 Redesigning Backhaul Links 9

1.5.7 Energy Efficiency 9

1.5.8 Allocation of New Spectrum for 5G 10

1.5.9 Spectrum Sharing 10

1.5.10 RAN Virtualisation 10

1.6 5G in Europe 11

1.6.1 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 11

1.6.2 5G Infrastructure PPP 12

1.6.3 METIS Project 13

1.6.4 5G Innovation Centre 14

1.6.5 Visions of Companies 14

1.7 5G in North America 15

1.7.1 Academy Research 15

1.7.2 Company R&D 15

1.8 5G in Asia 16

1.8.1 5G in China 16

1.8.2 5G in South Korea 19

1.8.3 5G in Japan 21

1.9 5G Architecture 23

1.10 Conclusion 24

Acknowledgements 25

References 25

2 The 5G Internet 29

2.1 Introduction 29

2.2 Internet of Things and Context?]Awareness 32

2.2.1 Internet of Things 33

2.2.2 Context?]Awareness 34

2.3 Networking Reconfiguration and Virtualisation Support 35

2.3.1 Software Defined Networking 36

2.3.2 Network Function Virtualisation 38

2.4 Mobility 40

2.4.1 An Evolutionary Approach from the Current Internet 40

2.4.2 A Clean?]Slate Approach 45

2.5 Quality of Service Control 47

2.5.1 Network Resource Provisioning 47

2.5.2 Aggregate Resource Provisioning 49

2.6 Emerging Approach for Resource Over?]Provisioning 50

2.6.1 Control Information Repository 53

2.6.2 Service Admission Control Policies 53

2.6.3 Network Resource Provisioning 53

2.6.4 Control Enforcement Functions 54

2.6.5 Network Configurations 54

2.6.6 Network Operations 55

2.7 Summary 57

Acknowledgements 57

References 58

3 Small Cells for 5G Mobile Networks 63

3.1 Introduction 63

3.2 What are Small Cells? 64

3.2.1 WiFi and Femtocells as Candidate Small?]Cell Technologies 66

3.2.2 WiFi and Femto Performance - Indoors vs Outdoors 70

3.3 Capacity Limits and Achievable Gains with Densification 73

3.3.1 Gains with Multi?]Antenna Techniques 73

3.3.2 Gains with Small Cells 76

3.4 Mobile Data Demand 81

3.4.1 Approach and Methodology 81

3.5 Demand vs Capacity 81

3.6 Small?]Cell Challenges 93

3.7 Conclusions and Future Directions 97

References 99

4 Cooperation for Next Generation Wireless Networks 105

4.1 Introduction 105

4.2 Cooperative Diversity and Relaying Strategies 107

4.2.1 Cooperation and Network Coding 107

4.2.2 Cooperative ARQ MAC Protocols 108

4.3 PHY Layer Impact on MAC Protocol Analysis 110

4.3.1 Impact of Fast Fading and Shadowing on Packet Reception for QoS Guarantee 111

4.3.2 Impact of Shadowing Spatial Correlation 112

4.4 Case Study: NCCARQ 113

4.4.1 NCCARQ Overview 113

4.4.2 PHY Layer Impact 114

4.5 Performance Evaluation 116

4.5.1 Simulation Scenario 116

4.5.2 Simulation Results 117

4.6 Conclusion 122

Acknowledgements 122

References 122

5 Mobile Clouds: Technology and Services for Future Communication Platforms 125

5.1 Introduction 125

5.2 The Mobile Cloud 127

5.2.1 User Resources 129

5.2.2 Software Resources 130

5.2.3 Hardware Resources 131

5.2.4 Networking Resources 132

5.3 Mobile Cloud Enablers 133

5.3.1 The Mobile User Domain 133

5.3.2 Wireless Technologies 135

5.3.3 Software and Middleware 139

5.4 Network Coding 140

5.5 Summary 145

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