Lavishly illustrated with more than 450 images, A Typographic Workbook, Second Edition explains the process successful designers use to select, space, and creatively integrate fonts. This essential text demonstrates the use of type as a dynamic and expressive communication tool. This edition provides new and updated coverage of a broad range of topics-from a logical, clear historical overview of the craft to the latest digital technologies. Known for its highly interactive format, this Second Edition continues to include helpful review questions and multiple-choice quizzes, as well as many new projects and skill-building exercises that help readers immediately apply what they have learned. A Typographic Workbook, Second Edition is a valuable professional resource for working designers and an indispensable training tool for graphic design students.

KATE CLAIR is a general partner in Hats-Off Impressions, a
design firm based in Binghamton, New York. She is also a faculty
member in the Communication Design Department at Kutztown
University in Kutztown, Pennsylvania.

CYNTHIA BUSIC-SNYDER is Associate Professor of Graphic
Design and Coordinator of Graphic Design Studies in the Department
of Art at Mohawk Valley Community College in Utica, New York.

Welcome to a fascinating tour of the innovative potential of typeA Typographic Workbook, Second Edition. Lavishly illustrated with more than 450 images, this Second Edition clearly explains the process successful designers use to select, space, and creatively integrate fonts. The only book of its kind to combine the history of typography with practical application and technology, A Typographic Workbook clearly illustrates the use of type as a dynamic and expressive communication tool.

This edition provides new and updated coverage of a broad range of topicsfrom a logical, clear historical overview of the craft to the latest digital technologies. Known for its highly interactive format, this Second Edition continues to include helpful review questions and multiple-choice quizzes, as well as many new projects and skill-building exercises that help readers immediately apply what they have learned. Other special features of this handy workbook include:

• Coverage of new digital technologies
• A clear historical overview of type and typographic technologies
• In-depth explanations of the formal qualities of different typefaces
• Fundamental coverage of computer terms and principles
• A newly added characters per pica (CPP) chart
• Charts of standard paper sizes and envelope dimensions
• Examples of standard folding conventions for brochures

A Typographic Workbook, Second Edition is a valuable professional resource for working designers and an indispensable training tool for graphic design students.

Preface v

Acknowledgments vi

1: Ancient Writing Systems 1

Prehistoric Societies; Development of Oral Communication; Early Writing Societies; Pictograph-Based Writing Systems; From Pictographs to Ideographs; The Semitic Languages; Sumerian Cuneiform; Minoan Writing; Written Languages Remain Undeciphered; Egyptian Hieroglyphics; Hieratic Script; Demotic Script; Ancient Writing Systems Evolve; The Rise of Ancient Greece; and Recovering Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics

2: Lettering During the Roman Empire and Middle Ages 23

Impact of the Roman Empire; Roman Triumphal Arches; Roman Lettering; Capitalis Quadrata to Rustica; Constantine Ends Christian Persecution; The Roman Empire Divided; The Scroll versus the Codex; Roman Script; Christianizing of Ireland and the Celtic Lettering; The Crumbling Empire Leads to Feudalism; Celtic Round Uncials; Lettering as a Declaration of Faith; A Unifying Force in Lettering; The Romanesque Hand Invites Innovation; The Development of the Gothic Textura Hand; Mediterranean Expansion of Muslims; Development of Rag Paper in Europe; The Late Gothic Period; Rotunda Compared to Gothic Lettering; and Setting the Stage for the Renaissance

3: Renaissance Typography and Printing 43

The Renaissance; The Beginning of Printing; Gutenberg: The Metal Craftsman; Movable, Reusable Type; Imitation of a Hand-Copied Book; The First Printing Ink; Composing a Page; Printing the 42-Line Bible; Assembly-Line Book Production; Early Typefaces; The Spread of Printing: Jenson in Italy; Printing in England; The Religious Reformation; The Pinnacle of the Renaissance; Intertwining Printeries: The Estienne Family and Simon de Colines; Aldus Mantius as Publisher; The Letter as Art; Geofroy Tory Establishes Bookmaking as an Art; France Offers a New Look in Type: Garamond; Prevalence of Italic and Script Faces; Handwriting as a Status Symbol; and Printing Innovations

4: Typography During Colonization and Industrialization 61

Colonial Era Typography; A Mathematically Perfect Font; Rococo Era Typography; Letterpress Printing; Typography During Colonial Expansion; Type Fashion in England; Writing Master Turns Typographer;
Typography in Italy; The Dawn of Industrialization; Printing Gains Momentum; Introduction of Sans Serif Fonts; A New Era in Typography: Advertising; The Practical Writing Machine; Stone Chromolithography Printing; The Victorian Era Influences Typography; and Documenting the American Civil War

5: Early Twentieth-Century Typography 77

The Arts and Crafts Movement; Kelmscott Press; Page Type Composition Speeds Up; Art Nouveau; Type for Mass Production; Offset Lithography; An Aesthetic Revolution; Post-War Typographer: Rudolph Koch; Frederic Goudy's Inspired Private Press in the United States; Edward Johnston and Eric Gill: Classic Letters; The Roaring Twenties; Dada Rejects Typographic Messages; Art Deco; The Bauhaus Aesthetic: Kandinsky and Bayer; DeStijl Movement in the Netherlands; Russian Constructivism: El Lissitzky and Kurt Schwitters; Minimal Typographic Design: Jan Tschichold; A Geometric Typeface: Paul Renner's Futura; The Great Depression; Type for Daily Newspapers; and The United States at War

6: Technology Changes the Designer's Role 99

Transitioning from Hot Type to Cold Type; Technology Changes the Designer's Role in the Production Process; Fitting Copy; Type Specification; Proofreading Tips; Proofreader's Marks; Type Design During the Second Half of the Twentieth Century; Type Design in the 1960s; Type Design During the Radical 1970s; Wolfgang Weingart; and The Dawning of the Digital Age

7: Contemporary Typography and Digital Technology 123

Émigré Magazine; Dot Matrix, Daisy Wheel and Ink Jet Printing; Zuzanna Licko; Laser Printer Technology; Jeffery Keedy; Max Kisman; Let…