The purpose of this book is to explain higher education change and resistance to change. The book explores Giddens' structuration theory and Archer's critical realism by clarifying cultural conditioning and integrating structural, agency and cultural conditionings within the context of higher education change and continuity. The book argues that we can explain higher education change by shifts in one or more conditions in structure, agency and culture, which enable higher education to transform into another form. It proposes two models for illustrating the relationships between the three conditionings that bring about higher education change. It supports the concepts of duality and reflexivity, denying analytical dualism.

Keiko Yokoyama was previously Associate Professor of Higher Education at Hiroshima University. She received a PhD in Comparative Higher Education Policy from the Institute of Education at the University of London. She has published many books and journal articles in the field of higher education.

Contents: Definition of higher education change - Structural approach - Agency approach - Cultural approach - Integration - The modes of higher education change - The patterns of change in higher education institutions - The explanation for higher education change.