In this book, Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is
approached from a strictly practical and application-oriented point
of view. Based on the characteristics and constraints of modern
fiber-optic components, transport systems and fibers, the
text provides relevant rules of thumb and practical hints for
technology selection, WDM system and link dimensioning, and also
for network-related aspects such as wavelength assignment and
resilience mechanisms. Actual 10/40 Gb/s WDM systems are
considered, and a preview of the upcoming 100 Gb/s
systems and technologies for even higher bit rates is given as
well.



Key features:

* Considers WDM from ULH backbone (big picture view) down to
PON access (micro view).

* Includes all major telecom and datacom applications.

* Provides the relevant background for state-of-the-art and
next-gen systems.

* Offers practical guidelines for system / link
engineering.

KLAUS GROBE, Dr.-Ing, is Principal Engineer at ADVA
Optical Networking SE. He is a member of the German VDE ITG
Photonic Networks working group, the IEEE Photonics Society, and
the OFC 2010 Subcommittee on Transmission Subsystems and Network
Elements.

MICHAEL EISELT, Dr.-Ing, is Director of Advanced
Technology at ADVA Optical Networking SE. He was Principal
Technical Staff Member at the Lightwave Networks Research
Department of AT&T Labs and the Principal Architect at Celion
Networks.

Key features:

• Considers WDM from ULH backbone (big picture view) down to PON access (micro view).
• Includes all major telecom and datacom applications.
• Provides the relevant background for state-of-the-art and next-gen systems.
• Offers practical guidelines for system / link engineering.

Acknowledgments xi

1 Introduction to WDM 1

1.1 WDM Theory 1

1.2 History of WDM 2

References 4

2 Optical Fiber Effects 7

2.1 Linear Effects 7

2.2 Nonlinear Fiber Effects 25

References 51

3 Components and Subsystems 55

3.1 Transmitters 55

Laser Diodes 63

3.2 Transmission Line 84

3.3 Receivers 135

3.4 Digital Electronics 146

References 162

4 Nonfiber-Related Effects 177

4.1 Linear Cross Talk 177

4.2 Noise in Optical Transmission Systems 181

Chains 187

References 193

5 Modulation Formats For WDM 197

5.1 Basic Modulation 197

5.2 Pulse Shaping 202

5.3 Modulation Formats 206

5.4 Coherent Intradyne Dual-Polarization QAM Detection 231

5.5 Optical OFDM 240

5.6 Comparison of Modulation Formats 243

References 247

6 System Realization 253

6.1 Access Networks 253

Arrays 261

Transmitters 266

6.2 Corporate Networks (Storage Reach Extensions) 277

6.3 WDM Transport Encryption 287

6.4 Metro and Regional Networks 288

6.5 Long-Haul and Ultralong-Haul Systems 294

Dispersion 297

6.6 Future Network Configurations and Convergence 313

References 321

7 WDM Network Management 327

7.1 Layered Network 327

7.2 Management Approaches 329

7.3 Basic EMS NMS and OSS Functionality 331

7.4 Data Communications Network 334

7.5 Management System Interfaces 337

7.6 Control Plane 339

References 348

8 Selected Network Issues 349

8.1 Overview of the Optical Transport Network 349

8.2 Monitoring in WDM Systems 356

8.3 Flexible WDM Networks 375

8.4 Protection and Restoration 377

References 389

9 Standards Relevant for WDM 395

9.1 ITU-T Recommendations 395

9.2 Others 396

10 Practical Approximations and Tips 401

10.1 Conversion Between Bit Error Rate and Equivalent Q-Factor 401

10.2 Properties of a PRBS Signal 402

10.3 Chromatic Dispersion Values and Propagation Constants 403

References 404

Index 405