An account of the development of research and thinking in the field of learner language. Draws on wide-ranging research into contrastive analysis, bilingualism, theoretical linguistics and experimental psychology.

Larry Selinker, William E. Rutherford

Foreword, William E. Rutherford Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction: Scope of the study 1. Beginnings: Fries/Lado 2. Towards interlanguage: Uriel Weinreich 3. Units and equivalence across linguistic systems: Some bilingual data 4. Some problems of comparison: The CA literature 5. Some CA and EA ( and possibly IL ) data 6. Theoretical advances: Corder and Van Buren 7. The quintessential CA/IL notion: Language transfer 8. The continual discovery of IL 9. The reality of fossilization: An allegorical account 10. Reframing interlanguage: Where we are Appendix References Index