Most ecological risk assessments consider the risk to individual organisms or organism-level attributes. From a management perspective, however, risks to population-level attributes and processes are often more relevant. Despite many published calls for population risk assessment and the abundance of available scientific research and technical tool

LWB Environmental Services, Inc., Hamilton, Ohio, USA US Enviro Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA ENVIRON International Corp., Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Introduction, THE MANAGEMENT-SCIENCE INTERFACE, SCIENTIFIC ISSUES IN POPULATION-LEVEL ECOLOGIC RISK ASSESSMENT, APPROACHES TO POPULATION-LEVEL ECOLOGIC RISK ASSESSMENT, A PATH FORWARD, REFERENCES AND APPENDICES