In this work I endeavour to explain the morphological changes in diseases of the human ear, nose, larynx and pharynx. Efficient ENT practice, like that in other surgical specialties, relies on close collaboration between surgeon and pathologist through the medium of biopsies. Accordingly much of the present volume emphasizes diagnostic surgical pathology. The role of the pathologist is, however, a broader one-in otolaryngology as in other specialties-contributing as well to an understanding of the disease processes. For this pur­ pose autopsy study is important and nowhere more so than in the disease of the inner ear, an area which has been developed mainly by otologists, but neglected by pathologists. It is hoped that, by displaying the interest and potential for development of such fields, this book may stimulate some pathologists to work in them. I kept in mind while writing the possibility that it might also be useful to ENT clinicians as a review of the pathology of their specialty.

A The Ear.- 1 The Normal Ear.- Examination in the Histopathology Laboratory.- Normal Histology.- 2 Non-neoplastic Lesions of the External Ear.- Malformations.- Inflammatory Lesions.- Metabolic Conditions.- Lesions Simulating Neoplasms.- 3 Otitis Media.- Microbiology.- General Pathological Changes.- Acute Otitis Media.- Chronic Otitis Media.- Cholesterol Granuloma.- Tympanosclerosis.- Cholesteatoma.- Secretory Otitis Media.- Complications.- Tuberculous Otitis Media.- 4 Neoplasms of the External Ear.- Epithelial Neoplasms.- Melanotic Neoplasms.- Neoplasms of Bone and Cartilage.- Neural Neoplasms.- Neoplasms of Muscle.- Histiocytosis X.- 5 Neoplasms and Similar Lesions of the Middle Ear.- Developmental Tumour-like Anomalies.- Neoplasms.- Metastatic Neoplasms.- 6 Malformations and Congenital Lesions of the Inner Ear.- Pathogenesis in Relation to Development.- Problems in Classification.- Structural Forms of Malformation.- Aetiology of Malformations.- Haemorrhage in the Inner Ear in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.- 7 Trauma; Ototoxicity.- Trauma.- Ototoxic Damage to the Inner Ear.- 8 Infections of the Inner Ear.- Viral Infections.- Bacterial Infections.- Mycotic Infections.- Syphilis.- 9 Ménière's Disease; Pathology of the Vestibular System; Presbyacusis.- Ménière's Disease.- Pathology of the Vestibular System.- Presbyacusis.- 10 Bony Abnormalities.- Paget's Disease.- Osteogenesis Imperfecta.- Osteopetrosis.- Achondroplasia.- Otosclerosis.- 11 Neoplasms of the Inner Ear.- Primary.- Directly Invading.- Metastatic.- B The Nose and Paranasal Sinuses.- 12 The Normal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses.- Anatomy.- Histology.- Examination at Autopsy.- Examination of Surgical Specimens.- 13 Infections.- Acute Inflammation.- Bacterial Infections.- Mycotic Infections.- Myospherulosis.- Protozoal Infections.- 14 Non-infective Inflammatory Conditions.- Nasal and Paranasal Polyposis.- Nasal and Polyposis with Stromal Atypia.- Inspissated Mucus.- Nasal Polyposis and the Immotile-Cilia Syndrome.- Granuloma Following Local Steroid Injections.- Cholesterol Granuloma.- Rhinitis Caseosa.- Granuloma Pyogenicum.- Organizing Haematoma.- Giant Cell Granulomatous Lesions.- Wegener's Granulomatosis.- Midline Granuloma.- Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis.- 15 Papilloma.- Papillomas of Nasal Vestibule and Nostril.- Papillomas of Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses.- 16 Malignant Neoplasms of Surface Epithelium.- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Nasal Vestibule.- Squamous Carcinoma of Mucosae.- Cylindric Cell Carcinoma.- 17 Non-epidermoid Epithelial Neoplasms.- Adenocarcinoma.- Pleomorphic Adenoma.- Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma and Malignant Mixed Tumour.- Oncocytoma.- Acinic Cell Carcinoma.- Clear Cell Carcinoma.- Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.- Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.- Necrotizing Sialometaplasia.- 18 Neuroectodermal Tumours.- Encephalocele and Glioma.- Meningioma.- Neurogenic Tumours.- Malignant Melanoma.- Olfactory Neuroblastoma.- Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy (Melanotic Progonoma).- 19 Vascular Neoplasms; Myogenic Neoplasms.- Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease).- Capillary Haemangioma of Nasal Septum.- Cavernous Haemangioma.- Angiomatosis.- Haemangiosarcoma.- Systemic Angioendotheliomatosis.- Haemangiopericytoma.- Myogenic Neoplasms.- Neoplasms of Striated Muscle.- 20 Neoplasms of Fibrous Tissue.- Fibroma.- Fibromatosis.- Fibrosarcoma.- Fibrohistiocytic Tumours.- Myxoma.- 21 Neoplasms of Cartilage and Bone.- Chondroma.- Chondrosarcoma.- Osteoma.- Fibrous Dysplasia, Ossifying Fibroma, Cementifying Fibroma: Benign Fibro-osseous Lesion.- Osteosarcoma.- Ewing's Sarcoma.- 22 Miscellaneous Conditions: Lymphoma and Plasmacytoma; Histiocytosis X; Extranodal Sinus Histiocytosis; Teratomas and Cysts; Tumours Arising Outside of the Sinonasal Tract.- Lymphoma and Plasmacytoma.- Histiocytosis X.- Extranodal Sinus Histiocytosis.- Dermoid Cyst.- Nasolabial Cyst.- Teratoma.- Mucocele.- Tumours Arising Outside of the Sinonasal Tract.- C The Nasopharynx.- 23 Normal Anatomy and Histology; Adenoids; Infections; Developmental Lesions.- Anatomy.- Examination at Autopsy.- Histology.- Adenoids.- Infections.- Nodules and Cysts of Embryological Origin.- Congenital Choanal Atresia.- 24 Epithelial Neoplasms.- Epidermoid Neoplasms.- Non-epidermoid Neoplasms.- Pituitary Adenoma.- 25 Non-epithelial Neoplasms.- Angiofibroma (Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma).- Rhabdomyosarcoma.- Chordoma.- Lymphoma.- D The Palatine Tonsil.- 26 Normal Anatomy, Histology; Inflammatory Diseases.- Normal Anatomy.- Normal Histology.- Inflammatory Diseases.- Infectious Mononucleosis.- Diphtheria.- Granulomas.- Tangier Disease.- 27 Neoplasms.- Neoplasms of Squamous Cell Epithelium.- Malignant Melanoma.- Salivary Gland Neoplasms.- Malignant Lymphoma.- E The Larynx and Hypopharynx.- 28 Normal Anatomy and Histology.- Gross Anatomy.- Gross Examination in the Histopathology Laboratory.- Normal Histology.- 29 Congenital Anomalies, Laryngocele and Other Development Anomalies.- Congenital Anomalies.- Laryngocele, Cysts, Heterotopia.- 30 Infections.- Acute Inflammation.- Chronic Bacterial Infections and Related Conditions.- Mycotic Infections.- Parasitic Diseases.- 31 Non-infective Inflammatory Conditions.- The Vocal Cord Polyp and Other Exudative Processes of Reinke's Space.- Arthritis of Laryngeal Joints.- Hyaline Deposits: Amyloid and Lipoid Proteinosis.- Relapsing Polychondritis.- Wegener's Granulomatosis.- Strangulation.- Pathological Changes After Intratracheal Intubation.- Reaction to Teflon Injection.- Perichondritis.- 32 Neuromuscular Diseases.- Clinical Features.- Pathological Changes That Might Cause Damage to the Neuromuscular Pathway of Vocal Cord Movement.- Pathological Changes Actually Observed in Studies of the Neuromuscular Pathway of Vocal Cord Movement.- 33 Squamous Cell Papilloma.- Sites.- Gross Appearances.- Microscopic Appearances.- Natural History.- Viral Aetiology.- 34 Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Early Lesions, Biopsy Diagnosis.- Incidence.- Epidemiological Factors.- Origin.- Precancerous States.- Laryngeal Biopsy.- 35 Pathology of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma.- Gross Appearances.- Fields of Origin.- Microscopic Appearances.- Spread from Laryngeal Airway Origin.- Invasion of the Cartilaginous Framework.- Spread Outside the Larynx.- Radiation Perichondritis.- 36 Unusual Forms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Spindle Cell Carcinoma, Verrucous Squamous Carcinoma, Ventriculosaccular Carcinoma.- Spindle Cell Carcinoma.- Verrucous Squamous Carcinoma.- Ventriculosaccular Carcinoma.- 37 Non-epidermoid Epithelial and Neuroectodermal Neoplasms.- Non-epidermoid Epithelial Neoplasms.- Neuroectodermal Tumours.- 38 Neoplasms of Vascular, Connective and Muscular Tissue, Cartilage and Bone.- Vascular Neoplasms.- Fibroblastic Lesions.- Synovial Sarcoma.- Neoplasms of Adipose Tissue.- Myogenic Neoplasms.- Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma.- Cartilaginous Neoplasms and Bone-P…