Linus Pauling: Two-Time Nobel Laureate In 1985 Dover reprinted Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry, a well-known older book by Linus Pauling and E. Bright Wilson. This book had been first published fifty years earlier and remarkably still found readers in 1985, and still does today, twenty-five years further on.
The first edition of Pauling's General Chemistry was a short book of less than 250 pages published in 1944, during World War II. Three years later, it had more than doubled in size to almost 600 pages, and the 1953 edition was over 700 pages. Fifteen years later, for the 1970 edition, it reached its final size and configuration at almost 1,000 pages ― and that is the edition which Dover reprinted in 1988. Dr. Pauling's one request at that time was that we keep the price affordable for students.
Linus Pauling is of course the only Dover author to win two Nobel prizes, for Chemistry in 1954 and for Peace in 1962; he is the only winner in history of two unshared Nobel Prizes.
In the Author's Own Words: "Satisfaction of one's curiosity is one of the greatest sources of happiness in life."
"Do unto others 20% better than you would expect them to do unto you, to correct for subjective error."
"The way to get good ideas is to get lots of ideas, and throw the bad ones away."
"Facts are the air of scientists. Without them you can never fly." ? Linus Pauling
Critical Acclaim for General Chemistry: "An excellent text, highly recommended." ? Choice
Klappentext
"An excellent text, highly recommended." ? Choice
When it was first published, this first-year chemistry text revolutionized the teaching of chemistry by presenting it in terms of unifying principles instead of as a body of unrelated facts. Those principles included modern theories of atomic and molecular structure, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In addition, Dr. Pauling attempted to correlate the theories with descriptive chemistry, the observed properties of substances, to introduce the student to the multitude of chemical substances and their properties.
In this extensively revised and updated third edition, the Nobel Prize?winning author maintains an excellent balance between theoretical and descriptive material, although the amount of descriptive chemistry has been decreased somewhat, and the presentation of the subject, especially in relation to the nonmetals, has been revised in such a way as to permit greater correlation with the electronic structure of atoms, especially electronegativity.
The principles of quantum mechanics are discussed on the basis of the de Broglie wavelength of the electron. The quantized energy levels of a particle in a box are derived by means of a simple assumption about the relation of the de Broglie waves to the walls of the box. No attempt is made to solve the Schrodinger wave equation for other systems, but the wave functions of hydrogen-like electrons are presented and discussed in some detail, and the quantum states for other systems are also covered. Statistical mechanics is introduced before thermodynamics, and the discussion of thermodynamics is based on it. This arrangement reflects the author's belief that beginning students can understand statistical mechanics better than chemical thermodynamics.
Aimed at first-year college students who plan to major in chemistry or closely related fields, the book is written in a logical, clear and understandable style. In addition, many excellent figures are included, along with numerous problems and 75 pages of appendixes covering such topics as symmetry of molecules and crystals, hybrid bond orbitals, and magnetic properties of substances.
Inhalt
Preface
1 The Nature and Properties of Matter
1-1 Matter and Chemistry
1-2 Mass and Energy
1-3 The International System of Units
1-4 Temperature
1-5 Kinds of Matter
1-6 The Physical Properties of Substances
1-7 The Chemical Properties of Substances
1-8 The Scientific Method
2 The Atomic and Molecular Structure of Matter
2-1 "Hypotheses, Theories, and Laws"
2-2 The Atomic Theory
2-3 Modern Methods of Studying Atoms and Molecules
2-4 The Arrangement of Atoms in a Crystal
2-5 The Description of a Crystal Structure
2-6 Crystal Symmetry; the Crystal Systems
2-7 The Molecular Structure of Matter
3 "The Electron, the Nuclei of Atoms, and the Photon"
3-1 The Nature of Electricity
3-2 The Discovery of the Electron
3-3 The Discovery of of X-rays and Radioactivity
3-4 The Nuclei of Atoms
3-5 The Birth of the Quantum Theory
3-6 The Photoelectric Effect and the Photon
3-7 The Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals
3-8 Electron Wave Character and Electron Spin
3-9 What Is Light? What Is an Electron?
3-10 The Uncertainty Principle
4 Elements and Compounds. Atomic and Molecular Masses
4-1 The Chemical Elements
4-2 The Neutron. The Structure of Nuclei
4-3 Chemical Reactions
4-4 Nuclidic Masses and Atomic Weights
4-5 Avogadro's Number. The Mole
4-6 Examples of Weight-relation Calculations
4-7 Determination of Atomic Weights by Chemical Method
4-8 Determination of Atomic Weights by Use of the Mass Spectrograph
4-9 Determination of Nuclidic Masses by Nuclear Reactions
4-10 The Discovery of the Correct Atomic Weights. Isomorphism
5 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table of the Elements
5-1 The Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
5-2 Excitation and Ionization Energies
5-3 The Wave-mechanical Description of Atoms
5-4 The Periodic Table of the Elements
5-5 Electron Energy as the Basis of the Periodic Table
5-6 The History of the Periodic Table
6 The Chemical Bond
6-1 The Nature of Covalence
6-2 The Structure of Covalent Compounds
6-3 The Direction of Valence Bonds in Space
6-4 Tetrahedral Bond Orbitals
6-5 Bond Orbitals with Large p Character
6-6 Molecules and Crystals of the Nonmetallic Elements
6-7 Resonance
6-8 Ionic Valence
6-9 The Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds
6-10 The Electronegativity Scale of the Elements
6-11 Heats of Formation and Relative Electronegativity of Atoms
6-12 The Electroneutrality Principle
6-13 The Sizes of Atoms and Molecules.
Covalent Radii and van der Waals Radii
6-14 Oxidation Numbers of Atoms
7 The Nonmetallic Elements and Some Their Compounds
7-1 The Elementary Substances
7-2 Hydrides of Nonmetals. Hydrocarbons
7-3 Hydrocarbons Containing Double Bonds and Triple Bonds
7-4 Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Benzene
7-5 Amnonia and Its Compounds
7-6 Other Normal-valence Componds of the Nonmetals
7-7 Some Transargononic Single-bonded Compounds
7-8 The Argonons
8 Oxygen Compounds of Nonmetallic Elements
8-1 The Oxycompounds of the Halogens
8-2 "Oxycompounds of Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurim"
8-3 "Oxycompounds of Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth"
8-4 Oxycompounds of Nitrogen
8-5 Oxycompounds of Carbon
8-6 Molecules containing Bivalent Carbon. Free Radicals
8-7 Unstable and Highly Reactive Molecules
9 Gases: Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics
9-1 The Perfect-gas Equation
9-2 Quantum Mechanics of a Monatomic Gas
9-3 The Wave Equation
9-4 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
9-5 The Distribution Law for Molecular Velocities
9-6 The Boltzmann Distribution Law
9-7 Deviations of Real Gases from Ideal Behavior
10 Chemical Thermodynamics
10-1 Heat and Work. Energy and Enthalpy
10-2 The First Law of Thermodynamics
10-3 "Heat Capacity. Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Transition"
10-4 Entropy. The Probable State of an Isolated System
10-5 The Absolute Entropy of a …