The latest edition of the authoritative reference to HPLC

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is today the
leading technique for chemical analysis and related applications,
with an ability to separate, analyze, and/or purify virtually any
sample. Snyder and Kirkland's Introduction to Modern Liquid
Chromatography has long represented the premier reference to
HPLC. This Third Edition, with John Dolan as added coauthor,
addresses important improvements in columns and equipment, as well
as major advances in our understanding of HPLC separation, our
ability to solve problems that were troublesome in the past, and
the application of HPLC for new kinds of samples.

This carefully considered Third Edition maintains the
strengths of the previous edition while significantly modifying its
organization in light of recent research and experience. The text
begins by introducing the reader to HPLC, its use in relation to
other modern separation techniques, and its history, then leads
into such specific topics as:

* The basis of HPLC separation and the general effects of
different experimental conditions

* Equipment and detection

* The column--the "heart" of the HPLC system

* Reversed-phase separation, normal-phase chromatography,
gradient elution, two-dimensional separation, and other
techniques

* Computer simulation, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and
method validation and quality control

* The separation of large molecules, including both biological
and synthetic polymers

* Chiral separations, preparative separations, and sample
preparation

* Systematic development of HPLC separations--new to this
edition

* Troubleshooting tricks, techniques, and case studies for both
equipment and chromatograms

Designed to fulfill the needs of the full range of HPLC users, from
novices to experts, Introduction to Modern Liquid
Chromatography, Third Edition offers the most up-to-date,
comprehensive, and accessible survey of HPLC methods and
applications available.

Joseph J. Kirkland, PhD, is Vice President of Research and Development for Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., and coauthor of Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Second Edition, Practical HPLC Method Development, Second Edition, and Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography, Second Edition, all published by Wiley.

John W. Dolan, PhD, is a Principal at LC Resources. He is author of the popular "LC Troubleshooting" column in LCGC magazine and coauthor with Lloyd Snyder of Troubleshooting LC Systems and High-Performance Gradient Elution.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is today the leading technique for chemical analysis and related applications, with an ability to separate, analyze, and/or purify virtually any sample. Snyder and Kirkland's Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography has long represented the premier reference to HPLC. This Third Edition, with John Dolan as added coauthor, addresses important improvements in columns and equipment, as well as major advances in our understanding of HPLC separation, our ability to solve problems that were troublesome in the past, and the application of HPLC for new kinds of samples.

This carefully considered Third Edition maintains the strengths of the previous edition while significantly modifying its organization in light of recent research and experience. The text begins by introducing the reader to HPLC, its use in relation to other modern separation techniques, and its history, then leads into such specific topics as:

• The basis of HPLC separation and the general effects of different experimental conditions

• Equipment and detection

• The columnthe "heart" of the HPLC system

• Reversed-phase separation, normal-phase chromatography, gradient elution, two-dimensional separation, and other techniques

• Computer simulation, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and method validation and quality control

• The separation of large molecules, including both biological and synthetic polymers

• Chiral separations, preparative separations, and sample preparation

• Systematic development of HPLC separationsnew to this edition

• Troubleshooting tricks, techniques, and case studies for both equipment and chromatograms

Designed to fulfill the needs of the full range of HPLC users, from novices to experts, Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition offers the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and accessible survey of HPLC methods and applications available.

Preface xxxi

Glossary of Symbols and Abbreviations xxxv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background Information 2

1.2 A Short History of HPLC 6

1.3 Some Alternatives to HPLC 8

1.4 Other Sources of HPLC Information 12

References 15

2 Basic Concepts and the Control of Separation 19

2.1 Introduction 20

2.2 The Chromatographic Process 20

2.3 Retention 24

2.4 Peak Width and the Column Plate Number N 35

2.5 Resolution and Method Development 54

2.6 Sample Size Effects 69

2.7 Related Topics 74

References 83

3 Equipment 87

3.1 Introduction 88

3.2 Reservoirs and Solvent Filtration 89

3.3 Mobile-Phase Degassing 92

3.4 Tubing and Fittings 96

3.5 Pumping Systems 104

3.6 Autosamplers 113

3.7 Column Ovens 125

3.8 Data Systems 127

3.9 Extra-Column Effects 131

3.10 Maintenance 131

References 144

4 Detection 147

4.1 Introduction 148

4.2 Detector Characteristics 149

4.3 Introduction to Individual Detectors 160

4.4 UV-Visible Detectors 160

4.5 Fluorescence Detectors 167

4.6 Electrochemical (Amperometric) Detectors 170

4.7 Radioactivity Detectors 172

4.8 Conductivity Detectors 174

4.9 Chemiluminescent Nitrogen Detector 174

4.10 Chiral Detectors 175

4.11 Refractive Index Detectors 177

4.12 Light-Scattering Detectors 180

4.13 Corona-Discharge Detector (CAD) 184

4.14 Mass Spectral Detectors (MS) 185

4.15 Other Hyphenated Detectors 191

4.16 Sample Derivatization and Reaction Detectors 194

References 196

5 The Column 199

5.1 Introduction 200

5.2 Column Supports 200

5.3 Stationary Phases 217

5.4 Column Selectivity 227

5.5 Column Hardware 238

5.6 Column-Packing Methods 240

5.7 Column Specifications 244

5.8 Column Handling 246

References 250

6 Reversed-phase Chromatography for Neutral Sam- Ples 253

6.1 Introduction 254

6.2 Retention 256

6.3 Selectivity 263

6.4 Method Development and Strategies for Optimizing Selectivity 284

6.5 Nonaqueous Reversed-Phase Chromatography (narp) 295

6.6 Special Problems 297

References 298

7 Ionic Samples: Reversed-phase Ion-pair and Ion- Exchange Chromatography 303

7.1 Introduction 304

7.2 AcidBase Equilibria and Reversed-Phase Retenti…