The Renaissance was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Modern age. The Queens of this period and this publication were Catherine of Siena, Beatrice d'Este, Anne of Brittany, Lucretia Borgia, Margret D'Angouleme, Renée, Duchess of Ferrara.