Completely up to date and the most thorough and comprehensive reference work and learning tool available for drilling engineering, this groundbreaking volume is a must-have for anyone who works in drilling in the oil and gas sector.

Petroleum and natural gas still remain the single biggest resource for energy on earth. Even as alternative and renewable sources are developed, petroleum and natural gas continue to be, by far, the most used and, if engineered properly, the most cost-effective and efficient, source of energy on the planet. Drilling engineering is one of the most important links in the energy chain, being, after all, the science of getting the resources out of the ground for processing. Without drilling engineering, there would be no gasoline, jet fuel, and the myriad of other "have to have" products that people use all over the world every day.

Following up on their previous books, also available from Wiley-Scrivener, the authors, two of the most well-respected, prolific, and progressive drilling engineers in the industry, offer this groundbreaking volume. They cover the basic tenets of drilling engineering, the most common problems that the drilling engineer faces day to day, and cutting-edge new technology and processes through their unique lens. Written to reflect the new, changing world that we live in, this fascinating new volume offers a treasure of knowledge for the veteran engineer, new hire, or student.

This book is an excellent resource for petroleum engineering students, reservoir engineers, supervisors & managers, researchers and environmental engineers for planning every aspect of rig operations in the most sustainable, environmentally responsible manner, using the most up-to-date technological advancements in equipment and processes.

M.E. Hossain is a professor at Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan, where he is in charge of starting a new program in petroleum engineering. Previously, he was Canada's first Statoil Chair at Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), Canada. Dr. Hossain authored/co-authored nearly 200 research articles, including seven books, focusing on reservoir characterization, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), drilling engineeering and environmental sustainability.

M. Rafiq Islam is the President of Emertec R&D Ltd. and an adjunct professor at Dalhousie University, where he was Canada's first Killam Chair in Oil and Gas. He has over 30 years of experience in teaching and research, during which time he has supervised over 150 graduate and undergraduate students and postdoctoral fellows and completed over $20 million of funded research. During his career, he has published nearly 800 research papers and dozens of books and research monographs on topics ranging from petroleum engineering to economics. He is the founding executive editor of Journal of Nature Science and Journal of Characterization and Development of Novel Materials, and serves on the editorial board of a number of journals. Previously, he held editorial positions with SPE, AIChEJ, JCPT, JPSE, and others.

Inhalt

Foreword xvii

Acknowledgements xix

1. Introduction 1

1.1. Introduction of the Book 1

1.2. Introduction of Drilling Engineering 2

1.3. Importance of Drilling Engineering 2

1.4. Application of Drilling Engineering 3

1.5. Drilling Problems, Causes, and Solutions 3

1.5.1 Common Drilling Problems 5

1.6. Drilling Operations and its Problems 4

1.7. Sustainable Solutions for Drilling Problems 6

1.8. Summary 8

References 8

2. Problems Associated with Drilling Operations 11

2.1. Introduction 11

2.2. Problems Related to Drilling Methods and Solutions 12

2.2.1. Sour Gas Bearing Zones 12

2.2.1.1. How to Tackle H2S 12

2.2.2. Shallow Gas-Bearing Zones 17

2.2.2.1. Prediction of Shallow Gas Zone 18

2.2.2.2. Identification of Shallow Gas Pockets 19

2.2.2.3. Case Study 20

2.2.3. General Equipment, Communication and Personnel Related Problems 24

2.2.3.1. Equipment 24

2.2.3.2. Communication 28

2.2.3.3. Personnel 30

2.2.4. Stacked Tools 31

2.2.4.1. Objects Dropped into the Well 32

2.2.4.2. Fishing Operations 34

2.2.4.3. Junk Retrieve Operations 45

2.2.4.4. Twist-off 46

2.2.5. Difficult-to-drill Rocks 48

2.2.6. Resistant Beds Encountered 48

2.2.7. Slow Drilling 49

2.2.7.1. Factors Affecting Rate of Penetration 50

2.2.8. Marginal Aquifer Encountered 62

2.2.9. Well Stops Producing Water 62

2.2.10. Drilling Complex Formations 63

2.2.11. Complex Fluid Systems 63

2.2.12. Bit Balling 64

2.2.13. Formation Cave-in 66

2.2.14. Bridging in Wells 67

2.2.14.1. Causes of Bridging in Wells 69

2.2.14.2. Warning Signs of Cutting Setting in Vertical Well 70

2.2.14.3. Remedial Actions of Bridging in Wells 70

2.2.14.4. Preventive Actions 71

2.2.14.5. Volume of Solid Model 71

2.3. Summary 73

References 73

3. Problems Related to the Mud System 77

3.1. Introduction 77

3.2. Drilling Fluids and its Problems with Solutions 78

3.2.1. Lost Circulation 79

3.2.1.1. Mechanics of Lost Circulation 86

3.2.1.2. Preventive Measures 88

3.2.1.3. Mud Loss Calculation 90

3.2.1.4. Case Studies 92

3.2.2. Loss of Rig Time 95

3.2.3. Abandonment of Expensive Wells 96

3.2.4. Minimized Production 97

3.2.5. Mud Contamination 97

3.2.5.1. Sources and Remediation of the Contamination 99

3.2.6. Formation Damage 104

3.2.6.1. Prevention of Formation Damage 113

3.2.6.2. Quantifying Formation Damage 116

3.2.7. Annular Hole Cleaning 118

3.2.7.1. New Hole Cleaning Devices 120

3.2.8. Mud Cake Formation 122

3.2.8.1. Filtration Tests 123

3.2.8.2. Mud Cake Removal Using Ultrasonic Wave Radiation 124

3.2.8.3. Wellbore Filter Cake Formation Model 125

3.2.9. Excessive Fluid Loss 126

3.2.10. Drilling Fluid Backflow 128

3.3. General Case Studies on Lost Circulation 128

3.3.1. Lessons Learned 130

3.4. Summary 130

References 131

4. Problem Related to Drilling Hydraulics 139

4.1. Introduction 139

4.2. Drilling Hydraulics and its Problems and Solutions 141

4.2.1. Borehole Instability 147

4.2.1.1. Hole Enlargement 148

4.2.1.2. Hole Closure 150

4.2.1.3. Fracturing 150

4.2.1.4. Collapse 151

4.2.1.5. Prevention and Remediation 153

4.2.2. Proper Hole Trajectory Selection 154

4.2.3. Drill Bit Concerns 156

4.2.3.1. Bit Balling 156

4.2.4. Hydraulic Power Requirement 157

4.2.5. Vibration 160

4.3. Overall Recommendations 161<...